Alcatraz Island is a national park and historic landmark in San Francisco Bay. It was first used as a military base and later as a federal prison for notorious criminals. Visitors can tour the island, but must be aware of changeable weather and restrictions on interacting with seabirds. Pets are not allowed, but registered service animals are permitted.
Alcatraz Island is a 19-acre (0.07 km) national park located in the middle of San Francisco Bay. Like many of the islands in the bay, it has a long and colorful history and is open to visitors all year round. It is accessible via a private ferry service operated by the City of San Francisco and is operated by the National Parks Service. In addition to being a national park, Alcatraz is also a Registered National Historic Landmark.
When the first explorers reached California, they established the first military base west at Alcatraz in 1850. The first lighthouse followed, in 1853, as increased ship traffic demonstrated a clear need for navigational aids. The island was used for military prisoners such as conscientious objectors from World War I until 1934, when a federal prison was built and opened.
From 1934 to 1963, the island was home to one of the most notorious federal prisons in American history. Known as ‘The Rock’, it was home to many famous criminals including Al Capone and despite 34 known escape attempts, historical records indicate that no prisoners escaped alive. In 1962, three prisoners made a daring escape that was later documented in the film Escape from Alcatraz. Although the prisoners have disappeared from the island, they may not have survived the harsh conditions of the bay.
In 1963, Alcatraz was made a National Park. Visitors today can walk around most of the island, looking at old prison buildings and a museum. The island also provides refuge for seabirds, so certain areas are restricted and visitors are asked not to feed or interact with the birds. The ferry service runs throughout the day, allowing visitors to spend as long as they like, and special night cruises are sometimes arranged as well.
Visitors should be aware that the weather on the bay is extremely changeable. Dressing in layers is recommended, and a windbreaker or waterproof jacket is also a great idea. If you want food or drink, it must be packed. Pets are not permitted, although registered service animals are. People with disabilities can use an electric shuttle service that accommodates wheelchairs. Park service staff can assist guests in locating sites of interest and are always happy to answer questions about the island’s unique history, which even includes a brief occupation by Indians of all nations from 1969 to 1970 .
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