Alkalosis occurs when the body’s acid and base levels become imbalanced, which can cause health problems. Causes include lung or liver disease, high altitudes, vomiting, and diuretic drugs. Symptoms include nausea, confusion, and muscle spasms. Treatment involves replenishing lost chemicals through medication or oxygen therapy.
Alkalosis is a medical condition that occurs when the body’s natural chemical levels become out of balance. The body contains two main chemical types: acids and bases. Acids and bases are generally regulated by different organs in the body, such as the kidneys and liver, to stay in balance. For example, the stomach contains more acid, while the intestines have higher levels of bases. If the body has a much higher amount of one chemical compound than the other, it can reduce the proper functioning of the body’s organs. When too much base or too little acid is present, it is called alkalosis and can cause potential health problems.
There are several possible causes of alkalosis in the body. If your acid levels drop to abnormal levels, it could be a side effect of lung or liver disease. It can also be due to long periods of time at high altitudes or salicylate toxicity. Salicylate is a chemical compound found in many over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs. Low acid levels can also be a complication of a high fever or lack of oxygen.
Alkalosis can also be due to increased base levels in the body. This can be the result of long periods of vomiting, which can cause the body to lose levels of chloride, a chemical typically found in the bloodstream that is responsible for retention of body fluids. Rising baseline levels can also be a side effect of diuretic drugs that cause the body to pass urine. If the body passes too much urine, it can reduce the amount of potassium in the kidney, a chemical primarily responsible for maintaining muscle and nerve function in the body.
The symptoms of alkalosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition. The most common symptoms include nausea, vomiting and lightheadedness. It can also lead to feelings of confusion. The condition can also affect the muscles and nerves and cause twitching, numbness and spasms.
Alkalosis can be treated once discovered whether the condition is caused by reduced acid levels or increased base levels. Reduced acid levels can be treated with the use of an oxygen machine, which can help even out the body’s chemical levels. If the condition is the result of increased baseline levels, medications may be needed to replenish chemicals, such as chloride and potassium, that the body has lost. When the exact cause of the condition is unknown, a doctor may test a patient’s urine to determine whether the condition is due to acid or base levels.
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