Abstract data types are variables that change based on program conditions, allowing for code reuse and abstraction. They are the lowest common denominator definition of a data set and can be used by similar data types through inheritance. Abstraction makes programs more flexible and can be used in object database implementation.
In computer programming, there are many types of variables, functions and data types. An abstract data type is a variable that can change based on conditions within the program. This is an object-oriented programming model that allows for code reuse by creating a layer of abstraction. This data type is often used in the C++ and Java® programming languages and is considered an advanced development technique.
An abstract data type is considered the lowest common denominator definition of a specific data set or structure. This data type should include basic operations to allow data values to be changed within that structure. The data type can be used by similar data types through inheritance, which makes the operations extensible to descendants.
An example that is often used to describe abstract data types are list and queue objects. These are objects that maintain information in a linear fashion, similar to a data spreadsheet. Both a list and a queue object manage sets of data and use functions to manipulate that data. By creating an abstract data type to handle datasets, both the list and the queue object can use the same sorting functions.
Abstraction refers to ideas that are virtual or incomplete. An abstract data type is a data type that is a skeleton form of an actual data structure. It is designed as a skeleton to allow reuse of functions based on specific program needs.
You cannot use an abstract data type without first assigning it to a concrete data type. This is a precursor skeleton data structure that needs to be converted to a real data type when it is created. The skeleton is then used by accessing the functions available in the inherited concrete implementation. The abstract class defines interfaces and functions that can be used by descendant classes.
Having the abstraction within the software makes the program more flexible for future changes. This layer of abstraction provides an area for creating and using generic functions throughout your application. The Java® programming language accomplishes this through interfaces and functional methods in the abstract level.
The abstract data type can also be used in the object database implementation. It is a hierarchical database structure based on parent-child objects and relationships. Within the principles of object database and abstract data type they can take multiple forms. This allows for more types of data to be stored in the database structure.
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