An AC bypass pulley replaces a malfunctioning AC compressor, allowing other accessories to continue running. Smaller belts may be needed and it can be a cost-effective solution. The AC belt can be removed in some cases, but it’s important to inspect factors before installation.
The primary function of an air conditioning (AC) bypass pulley is to replace an AC compressor that has stopped working. In most cases, the AC bypass pulley will bolt instead of a compressor unit malfunction. This can allow all other accessories to continue to run as if the AC compressor was still in place. If the diameter of an AC bypass pulley is smaller than the compressor pulley it is replacing, a smaller belt is usually needed. Some situations allow a smaller belt to be installed without removing the AC compressor, and in other applications the AC belt can be removed without adverse effect.
Many different factors can cause the air conditioning system in a vehicle to malfunction. If the AC system develops a leak, low refrigerant levels can cause the compressor to cycle on and off constantly, which can have adverse effects on engine idle speed and other factors. Other malfunctioning components can have similar effects, although a seized compressor can cause catastrophic failure. When an A/C compressor pulley seizes up completely, it can cause the belt to break, which can contribute to the loss of power steering or other vital components.
Since air conditioning systems can be very expensive to repair, an AC bypass pulley is often a cost-effective way to continue driving a vehicle. Before installing an AC bypass pulley, it is important to inspect factors such as the positioning of the belt and the diameter of the pulleys. In some cases it is possible to simply leave the AC compressor in place and use a smaller belt, although this will often result in routing issues that can lead to premature belt failure. If the AC bypass pulley is smaller in diameter than the original compressor pulley, the vehicle manufacturer may also specify a smaller belt.
There are other circumstances where an AC bypass pulley may not be necessary. If the AC compressor is running on its own belt, that belt can usually be removed without any adverse effect. This is often seen on vehicles that use V-belts, although there are some cases where a V-belt will drive both the AC compressor and another accessory. If it is determined that the AC belt can be safely removed, it is often possible to cut the belt and leave the compressor in place to save time.
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