The AST test detects the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase in red blood cells, which is produced in high quantities in organs like the liver and heart when damage or disease is present. It is mostly used in individuals suspected of having liver disease and can indicate damage to more than one organ. Abnormal results may indicate the presence of a disease and need further investigation.
An AST test is a medical test used to find an enzyme known as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in red blood cells. Generally, most individuals have small amounts of AST in their bodies; however, it is produced in high quantities in organs such as the liver and heart when damage or disease is present. Also used to detect blood enzymes called serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminases, the AST test may alternatively be known as the SGOT test. While it can indicate damage to more than one organ in the human body, it is mostly used in individuals suspected of having liver disease.
There are a few factors that can lead a doctor to order an AST test for a patient. Individuals with recent exposure to a person with hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver, may meet this criterion. An alcoholic may be given an AST test if it is suspected that she has liver damage, such as cirrhosis. Also, liver disease can be genetic and run in families. General symptoms of liver disease can include dark urine, abdominal bloating and pain, nausea, vomiting, and yellowing of the skin and eyes, a condition known as jaundice.
The doctor will usually inform the patient if any particular type of preparation is needed before undergoing the test. Exercise should be ruled out on the day of the test, as it may raise AST levels. Medications that can alter results may need to be avoided or taken at a later time. This can include herbal medicines. It will also be necessary to inform the doctor if the patient has any condition that could interfere with the blood test; pregnancy, for example, can cause lower AST levels.
Because an AST test is done with a simple blood test, it has few complications. Some people may experience slight bruising where the needle was inserted. In some cases, a small clot or hematoma may appear at the site of the needle injection. In rare cases, more serious complications can arise, such as fainting, infection, or severe bleeding.
The doctor will be able to give the patient the results of the AST test usually within a few days. Normal results mean there is no significant organ damage. Abnormal results may indicate the presence of a disease and need further investigation to ensure proper treatment. Patients should consult the physician ordering the test to answer questions and concerns in advance.
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