An induction motor uses an induced current in its rotor to produce rotary motion. The stator generates an electromagnetic field through an AC power supply, while the rotor develops an internal electric current by induction. Induction motors are reliable and efficient, making them ideal for heavy applications.
An induction motor is an alternating current (AC) electric motor that uses an induced current in its rotor rather than a physical power supply to produce its rotary motion. Most electric motors rotate due to the interaction between electromagnetic fields created in the stator and rotor of the motor. In an asynchronous motor, the field generated in the stator windings is produced by connecting them to an AC supply. The field generated in the rotor is not energized by the direct introduction of a current but rather through the induction of a transformer-like current courtesy of the electromagnetic field adjacent to the stator. Most of the larger AC motors in industrial or domestic applications are induction motors.
Also known as induction or squirrel cage motors, induction motors consist of two main components. The first is the stator, i.e. the barrel-shaped outer frame of the engine. The stator of an asynchronous motor has a number of windings or coils arranged along its internal surface, each of which includes a series of electrical connections on the outside of the frame. The second major component is the rotor, a cylindrical core that fits tightly inside the stator. The motor shaft, which provides the rotational work, runs through the center or rotor and is supported at both ends by bearings. In an asynchronous motor, the rotor is made of solid steel or made up of a series of parallel steel or copper bars with no possibility of electrical absorption.
Most AC motors rely on the polar relationship of separate electromagnetic fields generated in both of these parts to spin the rotor. In an asynchronous motor, the electromagnetic field of the stator is generated by an AC power supply connected to the stator windings. The rotor, however, is not connected directly to any power supply but develops an internal electric current by induction. This induction is caused by the proximity of the electromagnetic field of the stator. This is exactly the same process used to generate current in the secondary windings of a transformer. The current produced in the rotor then generates its own electromagnetic field and the rotor starts spinning.
The asynchronous motor is ideal for heavy applications due to its simplicity and robustness. The lack of additional slip rings and brushes required to supply power to the rotor make this type of motor one of the most reliable and efficient AC motor designs. Induction motors can also be used as generators when operated above certain speeds.
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