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An eccentric reducer is a mechanical tube with differently sized openings that increases pressure and speed to mix substances of different densities in a pump system. It prevents damage to the pump by forcing the materials to mix before entering. The angle of the reducer depends on the density of the secondary material.
An eccentric reducer is a part of a pump system positioned directly in front of the impeller. The purpose of the eccentric reducer is to properly mix substances that have different densities to reduce variations in the pumping system. If the pump did not contain one of these parts, the high density material would be at the bottom of the inlet and the low density material at the top. Substances would move through the system as separate materials, causing vibrations and potentially damaging the pump system.
In most cases, the eccentric reducer operates an air-water mixture or an oil-water mixture. Either way, the substances don’t like to mix and will separate in the tube if given time to do so. If they hit the pipe as two separate substances, the impeller would easily move through the low density zone and hit the high density with too much force. This could severely damage the motor that drives the pump.
Most of these parts operate on a purely mechanical level; they have no moving parts. An eccentric reducer looks like a tube with two differently sized openings. Generally, one side of the pipe is directly perpendicular to the openings and the other side is angled. These devices are usually installed so that the fluid moves horizontally through the two holes, from the large hole to the small hole.
The part operates by increasing the pressure inside the tube. When a liquid flows through a pipe, it tries to maintain speed and pressure. If the pipeline expands, the flow slows down due to the overall pressure drop; if the hose constricts, it will accelerate from the pressure increase. An eccentric reducer restricts the flow, which results in an increase in pressure and speed.
Depending on the material to be pumped, the eccentric reducer is positioned with the angled side going up towards the pump or down towards the pump. If the secondary material in the stream is less dense than the primary material, the angular side drops into the pump. When the secondary material is denser, it slopes upward. In both cases, the angle forces the two materials to mix before entering the pump.
When the material hits the inclined eccentric reducer, it tries to keep flowing. If the reducer tilts down the pipe, the low-density material will be pushed down into the main stream; if the reducer tilts up, the material is pushed up into the main stream. The increased velocity of the main stream will pull the material of different densities with it quickly enough that it doesn’t have time to separate until it has passed the pump.
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