The electric smelting furnace uses electricity to melt materials into liquid form for use in creating alloys or pouring into molds. Small versions use a heating element, while large electric arc furnaces use electrodes to create heat and melt materials. Once melted, the liquid metal can be poured into molds to solidify.
The electric smelting furnace is a device used to melt iron, ores and other materials into a liquid material which can be poured into molds or added to other various materials to create certain alloys. Using electricity to create the heat needed to melt materials, the electric smelting furnace comes in many different designs and styles, each with their own specific pros and cons. From small household-powered models to large industrial electric arc furnaces, the electric smelting furnace is an efficient tool. The furnace can allow for the melting of a small amount of material, such as a small amount for a dentist to create a single tooth filling, up to a large-scale melting of enough material to create a solid steel beam the size of a modern automobile.
While small versions of the electric smelting furnace operate with a small heating element, the most popular type of large furnace is the electric arc furnace. Both versions of the electric melting furnace run on electric current, however, the two styles of furnaces use entirely different heating methods to melt their ingredients. The smaller version of the electric melting furnace uses an electric heating element that heats the melting cup or vessel, thereby heating the materials placed within the cup. As the materials remain in the melt cup, the temperature begins to rise, subsequently causing the materials to melt. Once melted, the material in the melter is poured into a mold or other similar device for use by the operator.
The large electric arc furnace uses an entirely different method of reducing solids to liquids within the furnace cauldron. Large electrodes are placed through the lid of the cauldron and protrude into the furnace cauldron. The materials are placed inside the brick cauldron and the lid is placed back on the melting furnace. An electric charge is sent through the electrodes of the electric smelting furnace and the materials inside the cauldron effectively become the grounding element for the electrodes. When a large electric arc leaps from the electrodes to the materials inside the cauldron, the resulting heat causes the materials to melt.
The heat is retained in the electric melting furnace by the lid. The lid is lined with bricks similar to the cauldron or furnace, or is liquid-cooled to prevent melting. Once the materials inside the cauldron have melted, the arc continues to jump between the electrodes and the liquid metal. Once fully melted, the electric smelting furnace is poured into molds to allow the liquid to solidify into usable metal pieces. The electrodes can be replaced when worn by unscrewing the lower section and replacing it with a new section of electrode.
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