Electrolyte tests measure levels of potassium, sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride in the blood, which play a crucial role in regulating fluid levels in the body. Imbalances can cause weakness, abnormal heartbeat, and fluid retention, and can be caused by dehydration, kidney failure, and diabetes. Treatment includes changes in diet, medication, and regular testing.
An electrolyte test typically measures the levels of potassium, sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride in the blood. These electrolytes, especially sodium, can play an important role in regulating fluid levels in the body. Chloride typically helps balance acid levels in the blood, and baking soda helps balance acid levels in body tissues. Potassium usually helps stabilize the heart rate and may also help generally help the body maintain an appropriate level of muscle strength. A number of medical conditions can cause an electrolyte imbalance, so an electrolyte test is typically ordered when a patient suffers from such a disease or when the patient has symptoms that may indicate an electrolyte imbalance.
Measuring electrolyte levels within the body is usually done as part of a blood test. Most blood tests include an electrolyte test, as doctors are often concerned that a patient’s symptoms may be, at least in part, due to an electrolyte imbalance. Most people seeking medical care get an electrolyte test so that the doctor can confirm that an imbalance in electrolyte levels is not the cause of their symptoms. An electrolyte test is also often performed as part of most routine physical exams.
Electrolyte testing can be done alone or as part of a more comprehensive blood panel. Patients who are found to have only one electrolyte out of balance can be monitored to see if the imbalance clears up. Numerous factors can affect electrolyte balances, including diet and water consumption. Dehydration is a common cause of electrolyte imbalance, although other causes may include kidney failure and diabetes.
Symptoms that can usually indicate an imbalance in electrolyte levels usually include weakness, mental confusion, abnormal heartbeat, and fluid retention. Some prescription drugs, including steroid drugs, cough suppressants, and oral contraceptives, can cause electrolyte imbalance as a side effect. People with chronic illnesses, such as liver disease, heart disease, kidney disease, or high blood pressure may need to have their electrolyte levels measured regularly as part of an illness management plan.
Treatment for low or irregular electrolyte levels may include changes in diet and fluid intake. Medications may be prescribed to help regulate electrolyte levels within the body. Electrolyte testing is usually repeated on a regular basis whenever inadequate electrolyte levels are found. Long-term electrolyte balances can cause dizziness, muscle cramps, and weakness. Left untreated, these conditions can even be fatal.
Protect your devices with Threat Protection by NordVPN
