An electromagnetic motor uses magnetic forces from a wire with electricity to power movement. AC and DC motors are common types. Electromagnets can be created with coiled wire or an iron core. They are found in household appliances and can drain batteries quickly.
An electromagnetic motor is a machine that uses the magnetic forces produced by a wire with flowing electricity to power the movement of the motor. All electric motors work according to electromagnetic principles. Types of electric motors include alternating current (AC) motors and direct current (DC) motors. AC motors use wall current and DC motors use a battery as a power source and magnetic forces to spin the motor. The electromagnetic motor is common in nearly every household, often found in popular household items such as fans, pool pumps, air conditioners, washing machines, and electric toothbrushes.
The rotary motion of an electromagnetic motor is based on the forces observed in the magnetic poles. A magnet hanging from a string in the center will naturally rotate to face one end to the north and one end to the south. The magnetic poles located at each end of the magnet attract each other if the poles are opposite and repel if the poles are equal. When two north pole magnets are brought into the force fields of the magnets, the magnets move away from each other. If a north pole and a south pole are joined, they attract and stick to each other.
Although electromagnets used for science experiments in the classroom are typically wire wound around a small iron rod, properly coiled conductive wire can become an electromagnet when energized. The force is amplified when the wire is wound. The magnetic force of a coil of wire with current becomes even stronger when the coil is wound around an iron magnet.
Electric current flowing through a wire produces a magnetic field, so electromagnetic force is present in the wires with the current flowing through them. Consequently, a wire carrying an electric current has an intrinsic magnetic force. When that wire is wrapped in multiple parallel loops, it takes on the properties of a magnet when current passes through it. Wires not intended for use as electromagnets are often shielded to dampen the magnetic force and reduce its interference with other nearby electronic devices.
Some types of electromagnetic motors can be operated without an iron-core electrified magnet, using only the magnetic force from carefully arranged coiled wires. Typically, electromagnetic motors have one or more iron core electromagnets that power the motion of the motor. While an electromagnet created with a magnetic core is more powerful, it also draws more electricity, drawing more energy from the power source and draining the batteries more quickly. High power electromagnetic drive units sometimes use more than one electromagnet in the engine to give the engine a controlled power surge.
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