Epidermal cysts, also known as epidermoid, sebaceous or keratin cysts, are typically benign growths that can develop on any part of the skin. They are caused by blockages in hair follicles and can be removed if they become painful or infected. Milia is a common type of epidermal cyst that is smaller and often found in clusters.
An epidermal cyst is a growth that develops on the skin. It is also known as an epidermoid, sebaceous or keratin cyst. These typically benign masses are most commonly found in areas from the neck to the top of the head and trunk, although they can grow on any part of the skin. They are among the most common types of cysts. Most epidermal cysts can be ignored and may even go away on their own, but some may need to be removed.
Many epidermal cysts start growing due to enlarged hair follicles. The blockage caused by the narrowing of the space in the follicle causes a backup of fluids and the buildup of cells known as keratin. When this material cannot exit the body properly, it builds up until it becomes a cyst. Growth can also occur as a result of trauma to the skin, such as with surgery.
On rare occasions, this type of cyst can become painful and inflamed or develop into an abscess. If the lump becomes uncomfortable or infected, it can be injected with steroids to shrink it. Larger cysts may need to be surgically removed. Applying moist heat to the cyst, such as with a damp washcloth, can also help it drain on its own. Once a cyst has been removed, the area will usually heal permanently, although it is possible for the growth to return.
The material in an epidermal cyst is usually a combination of a thin, oily fluid and a thicker mass similar in texture to a soft cheese. In most cases, the fluid is harmless. If bacteria enters the cyst, there may also be pus due to the infection.
While most cysts can be safely ignored, they can be similar in appearance and texture to other, more serious growths on the skin. If a growth does not go away after moist heat is applied, it is usually advisable to have it examined by a doctor in order to rule out diseases such as cancer. Most cysts will develop over a long period of time and possibly even several years.
Milia is a common type of epidermal cyst. These growths are smaller than the typical variety and usually grow in clusters. Newborns will often develop milia, although they can be found at any age. Milia can also develop as a result of procedures such as dermabrasion or after blistering of the skin.
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