An HVAC unit regulates a building’s internal temperature and climate through centralized heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. It draws warm air into the system, cools it over refrigerated coils, and sends it back into the building. The heating function works similarly. HVAC systems also improve indoor air quality through ventilation and filtration. Filters protect the unit and can improve air quality by capturing pollutants. HEPA filters remove nearly all allergens from the air.
An HVAC unit is a term used for a centralized heating, ventilation and air conditioning system. An HVAC unit allows for the convenient regulation of a building’s internal temperature and climate. Before the advent of the modern HVAC system, effective indoor cooling and heating was often limited to a specific room or part of a building with localized heating or cooling.
An HVAC unit provides internal cooling by drawing warm internal air into the system through a series of return air ducts. The air is then moved over a series of refrigerated coils. As the air moves over the coils, the heat in the air is transferred to the refrigerant in the coils. A blower or ventilator sends cooled air back into the building through a series of ducts.
As the cold air is directed into the building, the heated refrigerant is directed to an out-of-building unit. Here the heated coolant flows through a series of coils onto a cooling fan. The cooling fan helps dissipate heat from the coolant, which is then redirected back inside the HVAC unit to start the cooling process all over again.
The heating function in an HVAC unit works in much the same way as the cooling function. Air is drawn into the system through a series of ducts. As air passes through the system, it is heated by the furnace through heat exchangers. A blower or ventilator sends heated air back into a building through a series of ducts.
In addition to heating and cooling the interior of a building, an HVAC unit can actually improve indoor air quality through ventilation and filtration. As mentioned earlier, HVAC systems draw indoor air into the system through a series of ducts. The movement of air prevents stagnation and circulation of indoor air and removes odors and excessive humidity. As air passes through the system, some of the existing indoor air may also be replaced by air taken from outside the building itself. The constant supply of fresh air also helps maintain the air quality in the building.
As air is drawn into the HVAC unit, it is also directed through a series of filters. A building’s indoor air is a mixture of a variety of things like human skin particles, insect droppings, pet dander, and pollen. The filtration system protects the unit from these and other air pollutants which could cause damage if they enter the unit.
Filters not only protect the HVAC system, but some types of filters are designed to improve a building’s air quality. A High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance (HEPA) filter captures a minimum of 99.7% of all airborne particles and removes nearly all allergens from the air. Because pollutants are trapped in the filter, they cannot re-enter the building when the air is re-introduced.
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