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Industrial parks are purpose-built areas for manufacturing and heavy industry, located away from residential and commercial areas. They offer economies of scale, tax incentives, and specific industry themes, but can also face criticism for potential environmental hazards.
An industrial park is a type of real estate development purposely designed and divided to house industrial and manufacturing buildings. They are typically located away from residential and commercial areas and in places where land is relatively cheap. Industrial parks are common across the world and are unique in history since the time of the Industrial Revolution.
Prior to the development of advanced manufacturing processes and assembly lines, most industrial development was done ad hoc, arising near natural resources or in urban centers that facilitated the distribution of supplies. European cities such as Edinburgh and Dublin are excellent examples of industrial facilities side by side next to residential and commercial buildings. As the sciences of manufacturing, urban planning, and transportation infrastructure advanced in the 19th and 20th centuries, the trend developed to segregate factories and factories and cluster them away from living spaces and close to transportation routes.
The industrial park is related in concept to business and office parks, with a focus on heavy industry rather than corporate and historically white-collar operations. All three types, however, operate on the basis of providing specific benefits to tenants, centered primarily on the concept of economies of scale. Park developers can afford to install high-volume electricity, communications and fuel lines and other things like road and rail access points that would not be possible in mixed-use zones. This serves to attract industrial tenants and to reduce the unit cost of utilities and remittances.
Additionally, in some jurisdictions, there may be tax incentives or other advantages offered for companies to relocate to an industrial park. Parks can also have a specific theme to attract interest, such as being particularly eco-friendly or geared towards a specific type of industry. In many places, industrial parks designed for high-tech industries gained strong popularity from the 1990s onwards, offering unique benefits such as high-speed broadband Internet access at a time when it was still extremely rare in the private sector.
Despite their benefits, industrial parks are not without criticism. Some argue that all but a few of the most dedicated green developments are, in fact, excessively dangerous to the environment due to the high concentration of potential polluters. Common types of businesses located in an industrial park might include power plants, incinerators, and wastewater treatment plants. Each of these facilities can generate a high level of potentially hazardous waste and is generally subject to a high degree of Not-in-My-Backyard (NIMBY) opposition from residents and owners of nearby properties.
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