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Isotope scans use a radioactive substance to create images of the body’s internal organs. The substance is ingested and migrates to the targeted area, where a special camera and computer create images based on the gamma rays emitted. Isotope scans are effective in diagnosing conditions and are used to create images of the bones, lungs, thyroid gland, and kidneys. The procedure is low-risk and requires little preparation. Pregnant or nursing women should not have the procedure.
An isotope scan is a medical procedure that produces images of the inside of the body. A radioactive substance is ingested during the procedure. This substance migrates to the scanned area of the body. A special camera and computer are then used to create images. The isotope, or radioactive substance used, and the procedure vary slightly depending on the part of the body being targeted.
The first step in an isotope scan is to transfer the isotope into the body. This is done in a variety of ways, which include injecting into a vein, inhaling, or consuming a liquid that contains the isotope. The type of isotope used and how it enters the body depends on the part of the body being targeted.
The images produced by isotope scans are made up of gamma rays. Gamma rays are emitted by the radioactive substance inside the patient. These beams are detected by a special camera and then sent to a computer. The computer then creates an image using the different intensities of gamma rays provided by the camera.
Isotopic scans are effective in diagnosing conditions because radioactive agents are attracted to more active tissues. This allows doctors to see a clear picture of active, healthy tissue versus inactive tissue. Areas of activity are called hot spots, while areas with little cell activity are referred to as cold spots. Hot spots appear red on the image, and cold spots appear blue.
Isotope scans are used to create images of the bones, lungs, thyroid gland, and kidneys. The procedure accesses the activity in each of these bodies. For example, if the scan shows clusters of activity in the thyroid, then there is evidence of some overactivity of the gland.
There is little preparation required for this procedure. Each individual’s doctor or hospital will provide detailed instructions. Once the isotope is taken, it takes time for it to reach the intended part of the body. When it has reached the organ, the photos are taken. The amount of photos taken varies depending on the condition of the individual. The isotope scan can take several hours.
There is little risk in having an isotope scan. Pregnant or nursing women should not have the procedure due to the risks of exposing the fetus or baby to radiation. Except for pregnant or nursing women, there is no need to worry as the amount of radiation is not significant enough to cause any harm. The radioactive substance is excreted naturally from the body, usually within a few days.
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