Ovarian adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of death involving cancers of the reproductive system in women, with no obvious symptoms. Family history, infertility, and hormonal birth control are risk factors. Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes can lead to ovarian cancer. Treatment includes surgery and chemotherapy.
Ovarian adenocarcinoma is a rare type of cancer that originates in the reproductive glands of females. These glands are called ovaries and their main function is to produce eggs. Ovarian adenocarcinoma forms on the surface of the ovary or, in some cases, within the egg itself. Although it is believed to account for only 4% of all cancers in women, it is the leading cause of death involving cancers of the reproductive system. Due to the fact that there are no obvious symptoms, this disease is often not diagnosed until very late stages.
While the exact cause of ovarian adenocarcinoma has yet to be determined, there are some factors that indicate a higher risk. Family history is a factor, with studies showing that women from families with a history of breast or ovarian cancer may have a 20 percent higher risk for the disease. There also appears to be a link between ovarian adenocarcinoma and pregnancy. Infertile women, as well as women who are fertile but have never had a child, are also at increased risk. Hormonal birth control may also be a contributing factor.
Symptoms of ovarian cancer usually don’t show up until the advanced stages and, even then, are often associated with other, less serious conditions. Symptoms could include tiredness, nausea or constipation. A swollen stomach and difficulty breathing may also be present.
Scientists have determined that mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes can often lead to ovarian cancer. Females with this genetic mutation have an increased risk factor of up to 60%. This mutation is often inherited, so women with a family history of ovarian adenocarcinoma are often advised to have genetic testing to find out if this mutation is present. If the mutation is found, doctors often suggest the removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, a procedure that virtually eliminates the risk.
Treatment for ovarian adenocarcinoma can vary, and doctors generally take into consideration a number of factors, including the patient’s age and the stage of the disease. Surgery to remove affected organs is one of the most common treatments. In women who are younger or who still want to have children, doctors may first try to simply remove the tumors and leave the reproductive system intact. This requires close monitoring, as the cancer often comes back. Surgery is often followed by chemotherapy, which uses chemicals to kill cancer cells.
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