The burner is the most important part of an oven, where air and fuel mix to produce heat. Industrial furnaces have complex burners, with three main types: atmospheric, premixed, and nozzle mixing. Premixed burners are more efficient and easier to control.
Of all the parts of an oven, the burner is the most essential. A furnace burner is the point in a furnace where a mixture of air and fuel is burned to produce heat. There are several types of kilns, which burn different types of fuel in different ways, depending on the application.
Industrial furnaces have decidedly complex burners due to their operation and the types of fuel used. The typical industrial oven has a cylindrical shape with a burner at the bottom that lights up. Surrounding the burner on the floor of the kiln is a material called a refractory that is stable enough for a person to walk on to maintain the kiln.
A furnace burner is usually ignited by a pilot light, which is in turn ignited by an electric spark, similar to how a spark plug works in an engine. Some older models were ignited by hand, although these have almost all been phased out due to the obvious risks involved. A furnace burner may include a premixer to mix the fuel with the air before entering the burner, for better combustion.
An industrial furnace burner will usually be one of three main types. The first type is the atmospheric burner. Atmospheric burners operate on a liquid petroleum fuel which is mixed with ambient air just prior to combustion. This type of furnace burner is best suited for industrial applications where temperatures below 1060 degrees Fahrenheit (572 degrees C) are required.
A premixed furnace burner is one where air and fuel are mixed before entering the burner for combustion. This type of oven burner creates much higher pressures than an atmospheric burner, resulting in higher efficiency and a hotter flame. There is also a greater degree of control over the mixture of air and gas. Premix burners are also somewhat easier to control than another type, the nozzle mixing burner.
A nozzle-mixing furnace burner mixes the fuel and air after they have left the burner door. Until they reach the burner head they are kept separate, allowing for lower pressures leading up to the burner. With this type there is also no possibility of backfiring, a dangerous condition in which the fuel burns prematurely while still inside the burner. This type of burner also has the advantage of being able to create various flame shapes and characteristics to meet the needs of any industry.
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