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Underwater archaeologists study historic sites, shipwrecks, and biological remains in bodies of water to learn about past civilizations and extinct animals. They must complete an undergraduate degree in archaeology and may specialize in nautical archaeology. They gather artifacts, human remains, and samples of ancient marine life, and may lead dives for college students or work for government agencies, museums, or private companies.
An underwater archaeologist investigates historic sites, shipwrecks and the remains of biological substances located in bodies of water. Like terrestrial archaeologists, these individuals study these structures and materials to learn about past civilizations and extinct animals. Some archaeologists are employed by government agencies or educational establishments, while others are employed by private companies.
Anyone wishing to become an underwater archaeologist must complete an undergraduate degree in archaeology. Some universities also offer graduate courses in nautical archeology that specifically prepare individuals for the challenge of collecting specimens and gathering data while underwater. In some cases, people who have completed undergraduate and master’s degrees are also studying for a doctorate in archeology, and people who complete these courses often find employment as lecturers at leading universities.
Shipwrecks might be the focus of an underwater archaeologist who is primarily concerned with human history. Such individuals dive into the ocean floor and try to locate the remains of sunken vessels. In some water bodies, such as the Black Sea, conditions are particularly favorable for preservation; archeologists often find fully intact ancient boats in places like this one. During a dive, an archaeologist might gather jewelry, silverware, and other artifacts in a fishing net or specialized container and transport these items back to a boat before transporting the artifacts to a laboratory where an examination can be performed. Some archaeologists also gather human remains, including skeletons and hair samples, in order to learn more about the individuals being transported on these unfortunate ships.
In some areas of the world, rising sea levels mean that structures that were built by ancient civilizations are now underwater. Archaeologists conduct surveys at these sites and use shovels and other tools to search for artifacts that may be hidden among the rubble. An underwater archaeologist can be equipped with an underwater camera; in this case, photographs of large structures can be taken and later used as study material once the photographer returns to dry land. Other archaeologists look for samples of ancient marine life that may take the form of bone fragments or fossils. Like human artifacts, these exhibits are studied so that scientists can learn about the animals that once roamed the Earth.
Archaeologists employed by universities and colleges often lead dives to sites that may be of interest to college students studying ancient cultures. Archaeologists employed by the government gather materials that are sometimes displayed in museums. Other people employed in this field conduct research on behalf of energy or engineering companies. These individuals are tasked with ensuring that underwater areas are devoid of historic structures that would prevent these companies from building in these locations.
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