ANOTHER syndrome is an autosomal recessive form of ectodermal dysplasia that causes alopecia, nail dystrophy, skin lesions, and skin conditions. It also affects the thyroid, eyes, sweat glands, and respiratory tract. Patients may experience hair loss, skin lesions, and nail dystrophy. Hypohidrosis can be life-threatening, and eye problems can cause infections and difficulty seeing. Thyroid dysfunction is also common. Ectodermal dysplasia involves hereditary diseases that affect teeth, skin, hair, nails, and eccrine glands, and can cause midfacial deformities.
ANOTHER syndrome consists of several conditions. Includes alopecia, nail dystrophy, skin lesions, and skin conditions. The syndrome also causes thyroid dysfunction, ophthalmic problems, hypohidrosis and respiratory tract infections. Experts refer to this condition as an autosomal recessive form of ectodermal dysplasia.
Both men and women with ANOTHER syndrome can experience alopecia or hair loss. Hair may fall out in patches or start thinning and falling out permanently. Alopecia in men causes what is called male pattern hair loss, while in women the result is known as female diffuse hair loss. Signs of alopecia include split hairs and round bald patches.
In addition to hair loss, ANOTHER syndrome also affects the skin and nails. Patients may notice raised skin lesions, psoriasis, or keloids. Doctors can perform skin biopsies on the lesions to determine if they are malignant. It is also possible for patients to have subepidermal cysts. Nail dystrophy patients experience from this syndrome can change the color and shape of the nails.
Hypohidrosis is the inability to produce a normal amount of sweat. Many of the skin disorders associated with ANOTHER syndrome can block or traumatize the sweat glands. This lack of sweat can be life-threatening because the body can overheat in the absence of sweating.
People with ANOTHER syndrome also have eye problems. Many of the problems are a result of having dry eyes. If tears cannot form to protect the eye, infections can occur. Severely dry eyes can cause inflammation, corneal scarring, and difficulty seeing. If there is too much drainage from the tear ducts, doctors can insert plugs into the tear ducts to reduce it, allowing the tears to form the film that prevents excessive dryness.
Thyroid dysfunction also occurs in patients with ANOTHER syndrome: hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Those with hyperthyroidism have excessive amounts of thyroid hormone. Hypothyroidism is the exact opposite. The most common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include insomnia, muscle weakness, and a rapid heartbeat.
Ectodermal dysplasia is a large group of hereditary diseases. Many of the associated problems involve the teeth, skin, hair, nails and eccrine glands. It is common for patients with ANOTHER syndrome to have midfacial deformities, such as cleft palate or lip. To determine a patient’s type of ectodermal dysplasia, dentists and physicians work together to assess which structures are affected.
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