Artificial architecture uses computational methodologies and algorithms to create natural-looking architectural forms. It allows for the creation of unique structures using scripting languages and generative processes. The computer is a collaborative partner, allowing architects to create extraordinary structures that incorporate creative computational design. The designer defines the framework, and the computer creates its own morphologies within it. Artificial architecture is a subfield of design computing and has been made popular by the Institute of Artificial Art in Amsterdam.
Artificial architecture is an emerging, bold and new direction in architecture that is concerned with developing computational methodologies and algorithms that create natural-looking architectural forms. It allows algorithms to generate meaningful solutions to architectural design problems, and the computer is viewed as a collaborative entity in the design process rather than a dumb workhorse. Computer science, artificial intelligence, architecture, and computer graphics all intersect in the area of artificial architecture. It is also known as algorithmic architecture or algorithmic design.
With the help of advanced algorithms, completely fascinating architectural morphologies can be created. Traditionally, software such as CAD programs were used to better visualize design concepts in the architect’s mind. The software automates repetitive and tedious manual tasks and is used as a tool. While performing extensive calculations, it stores or alters only designs or processes present in the architect’s mind.
Conversely, artificial architecture allows computers to create entirely new structures by simulating complex natural phenomena or by using generative processes. Scripting languages are innovatively integrated into CAD software, allowing algorithms to do so much more. Algorithms become collaborators in the design process and use genetic systems, grammars of shape, and mathematical models to design unpredictable and unique structures. This approach transcends direct programming using scripting languages to encode design intent, ultimately allowing the software to intelligently design coherent structures.
FormZ 4.0, 3dMaxScript and Maya Embedded Language (MEL) are some of the scripting languages used in three dimensional computer design software. The structures generated by the algorithms can also be printed with three-dimensional printers. The computer goes beyond its traditional role as a mere extension of the person and emerges as a collaborative partner. This allows architects to create extraordinary structures that not only utilize the intelligence of the human designer but also incorporate the unique characteristics of creative computational design.
The architect works on a more abstract level with the computer and is not concerned with the minutiae. The designer defines the framework, which specifies elements such as possible configurations, the types of elements to be used, and the size of the overall project. They also specify the types of accidentals allowed, the scale and possible beams. It’s similar to defining the structure and rules for a game like chess. The computer is allowed to create its own morphologies within the specified framework.
For example, the computer can create an algorithmic design for a hotel, concert hall, or skyscraper. The software can create aperiodic shapes that more closely resemble natural, organic things. Structures evolve with boolean operations, morphing and fractals. Cellular processes develop intricate and out of this world designs. For example, a library may have a fractal design and an auditorium may have a parasitic-looking structure.
An entirely revolutionary field, artificial architecture can be thought of as a subfield of design computing. It has knowledge engineering elements and creates controlled projects. The term artificial architecture was coined in a doctoral thesis at the Polytechnic University of Madrid in Spain. Artificial architecture has been made even more popular by the Institute of Artificial Art in Amsterdam, which has invested heavily in the use of visual grammars to generate new structures.
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