Bartholin’s abscess is a painful, pus-filled lump caused by an infection of the Bartholin’s gland in the female genitalia. Treatment options include draining the abscess and antibiotics, while removal of the gland or marsupialization may be necessary for recurring abscesses. Practicing good personal hygiene and safe sex can help prevent the condition.
A Bartholin’s abscess is an infection of the Bartholin’s gland, which is located in the female genitalia. There are two small pea-sized Bartholin’s glands located on each side of the labia minora, commonly called the vaginal lips. A Bartholin’s abscess forms when the small opening in the Bartholin’s gland becomes blocked due to irritation, infection, STDs, poor circulation, or, in very rare cases, a tumor. The blocked gland becomes a painful, pus-filled lump.
The purpose of the Bartholin’s glands is to release lubricating fluids during sexual arousal. When a woman is aroused, this fluid is released and lightly moistens the labial opening of the vagina. The highly sensitive vaginal area is thus lubricated and becomes more comfortable for intercourse.
Symptoms of a Bartholin’s gland infection might include a painful lump on one side of the vagina and is often accompanied by pain when walking or sitting, pain during intercourse, or a painful, tender vagina. If the infection is severe, a fever may also be present. You may need a consultation with a general practitioner or gynecologist if the lump continues to swell and remains painful. Diagnosing a Bartholin’s abscess is made by a doctor performing a physical exam of the female genitalia and possible laboratory tests of the fluid inside the abscess.
Treatment options depend on the severity of the Bartholin’s abscess. If the lump is very swollen and painful, your doctor may decide to make a small incision over the abscess and drain the cavity. Antibiotics may also be prescribed if fever is present. After draining an infected abscess, your doctor may recommend soaking the affected area in warm water several times a day. This helps relieve any discomfort in the area and promotes drainage and healing.
For recurring abscesses, your doctor might suggest removal of the Bartholin gland or a procedure called marsupialization. Removal of the gland is rare but is an alternative to recurring abscess formations. The marsupialization procedure is usually done under general anesthesia and places stitches on each side of the gland to form a permanent opening for drainage. Marsupialization is not recommended when an active infection is present.
There is no preventative treatment for Bartholin’s abscess. Practicing safe sex using a condom and performing good personal hygiene are always a consideration in maintaining optimal personal health. At the first sign of an abscess or Bartholin’s cyst, some form of self-care treatment, such as soaking the area in warm water, might help open the blocked gland. If the lump persists and becomes painful after a few days of self-treating, you should see a doctor.
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