Bloom’s Taxonomy is a hierarchical classification of important steps in the learning process with three main domains: affective, cognitive, and psychomotor. Educators can use it to classify learning and help students develop skills.
Bloom’s Taxonomy, also known as the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, is a hierarchical classification of important steps in the learning process. The goal of Bloom’s Taxonomy is to create a system that helps educators classify learning so they can help their students develop skills. The system was developed in 1956 at the University of Chicago by Benjamin Bloom and other educators interested in improving the approach to education.
According to Bloom’s Taxonomy, there are three main domains in learning: affective, cognitive and psychomotor. The affective domain involves attitude and emotions, while the cognitive domain involves developing critical thinking skills and knowledge. In the psychomotor domain, various physical tasks, including object manipulation, can be found. Each domain is ranked hierarchically to emphasize the idea that students must have a solid foundation in each area within the domain before proceeding to the next.
In the affective domain, the subcategories are: receipt, response, appreciation, organization and characterization. Students who develop good skills in the affective domain will find it easier to learn and function with other people because the affective domain is heavily involved with social skills and interactions. Failure to make progress in this area can hinder student learning and interfere with the child’s social life.
The cognitive domain includes knowing, understanding, applying, analyzing, synthesizing and evaluating, also known as remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. The two different sets of terms reflect different arrangements of Bloom’s Taxonomy, with the first set being the originals, while the second set was developed in later years as researchers began to refine the system. Each stage involves a specific type of cognitive skills, such as the ability to learn and absorb new information in knowledge/recall.
In the psychomotor domain, Bloom’s Taxonomy includes perception, ensemble, guided response, mechanism, adaptation, origin, and complex overt response. These varied areas of physical ability range from the ability to learn new physical tasks to the ability to develop new physical approaches to a problem. As learning can often have a physical component, a student who struggles in the psychomotor domain may have problems with other aspects of learning.
Educators can apply Bloom’s Taxonomy in a variety of ways. It can be integrated into lesson plans, with teachers building foundations in various areas before moving on to more complex concepts, and it can also be used to help teachers assess students who appear to have special needs. Identifying areas of Bloom’s Taxonomy in which a student struggles can help a teacher tailor a program to the student to help him improve.
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