Brainstem encephalitis causes inflammation of the brainstem, often due to cancerous tumors. Symptoms include ataxia, dizziness, and visual disturbances. Treatment involves intravenous drugs and surgery if necessary.
Brainstem encephalitis is a medical condition that causes swelling and inflammation of the brainstem, the area of the brain that connects to the spine. The most common cause of this condition is the presence of cancerous tumors in the brain, although cancer elsewhere in the body can also cause this inflammation. Some of the more frequently reported symptoms include visual disturbances, dizziness, and a general lack of coordination. Treatment usually consists of the use of intravenous drugs, although surgery may sometimes be necessary. Any questions or concerns about brainstem encephalitis or the most appropriate treatment methods for an individual situation should be discussed with a physician or other medical professional.
Ataxia and dizziness are often the first noticeable symptoms. Vertigo is a type of dizziness that causes a person to feel spinning while completely still. Ataxia is a term used to describe a loss of balance or coordination. The facial muscles may weaken and the patient may begin to have difficulty swallowing. Some of these symptoms closely mimic those of a stroke, and diagnostic tests may be done to get an accurate diagnosis. Breathing problems can develop and can become so severe that the patient must be connected to a ventilation machine to breathe.
Visual disturbances are common symptoms of brainstem encephalitis. Oscillopsia is a term used to describe bouncing vision and can lead to dizziness or vertigo. Nystagmus involves rapid, uncontrollable eye movements and can affect one or both eyes. Diplopia, also known as double vision, is another potential visual disturbance caused by brainstem encephalitis. Persistent nausea, vomiting, and headaches may occur due to the abnormal vision experienced due to this condition.
Treatment for brainstem encephalitis is highly individualized and depends on the severity of the condition, individual symptoms, and the patient’s overall health. In most cases, intravenous medications are given in a hospital setting so that the patient can be closely monitored for any signs of potential complications. Surgery can be used to remove a tumor or to relieve swelling if it becomes severe. Additional treatment options may include radiation or chemotherapy in cases where inoperable cancer types are the cause of the inflammation. The doctor will explain all of the treatment options available and work with the patient to develop an individualized treatment plan.
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