Bulgarian tribulus, a flowering plant used in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, is believed to increase testosterone levels and improve athletic performance. However, limited clinical studies have been conducted to determine its effectiveness, and side effects are rare but can include breast enlargement in men.
Bulgarin tribulus, scientific name Tribulus terrestris, is a flowering plant in the family Zygophyllaceae, or creosote shrub. It is indigenous to southern Europe, southern Asia, Australia, and Africa, but has been introduced to North and South America. Bulgarian tribulus has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurvedic medicine to treat low libido in men and women, urinary tract infections, cardiovascular conditions, and as a general tonic. However, limited clinical studies have been conducted and more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of this herb on human health. Bulgarian tribulus side effects appear to be minimal.
Bulgarian tribulus is also known as prick vine, Mexican sandfish, cat’s head, goat’s head, bai ji li, and gokharu. This plant is promoted as an aphrodisiac in both traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic medicine. It is said to work by raising the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the bloodstream. High LH levels cause the body to increase its testosterone levels, which increases libido. Bulgarian tribulus is not a hormone or steroid itself.
This herb is slightly diuretic and has been used to treat kidney stones, incontinence, gout, and prostate problems. Chinese studies reportedly show that Tribulus terrestris decreases the frequency of angina. It can also lower cholesterol in the bloodstream, normalize high blood pressure, and lower blood sugar levels.
Bulgarian tribulus is believed to work in the body by relaxing smooth muscles and increasing blood flow. Some Russian studies indicate that taking an extract made from Tribulus terrestris can lead to an increase in muscle mass. This plant is said to be helpful in improving athletic performance and has reportedly been used by Bulgarian Olympians since the 1970s.
Research on the effectiveness of Bulgarian tribulus calls into question most health claims about it. Recently, studies have shown that taking 10-20mg per kilogram of body weight did not produce an increase in testosterone, androstenedione, or LH compared to those not taking the supplement. In another small study, 15 people were given Bulgarian tribulus, 3.21 mg per kilogram of body weight, or a placebo, for eight weeks. There appeared to be no change in weight, dietary intake, body fat percentage, or mood in either group. Upper and lower body muscular endurance increased in the placebo group, but the group taking tribulus only experienced greater lower body strength.
This herbal supplement is available in the form of capsules, tablets, and extracts. It can be purchased at health food stores, local markets, or from online vendors. The generally recommended dose is 85-250 mg three times a day. It should be taken with meals to reduce the chance of stomach upset.
Side effects are rare, but they do happen. These side effects can include gynecomastia, or an increase in the size of the breasts in men, and some gastrointestinal discomfort. People with a hormone-dependent disease, such as breast or prostate cancer, should avoid Bulgarian tribulus. People with chronic illnesses and pregnant or lactating women, among others, can consult with their health care provider before taking this herb.
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