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Carbon disulfide is a flammable liquid used as a solvent, insecticide, and in the production of various fibers. It is naturally released into the atmosphere and is not considered a greenhouse gas. Exposure to the chemical can cause severe health effects, and it should be handled with caution and stored properly.
Carbon disulfide is a colorless or slightly yellow liquid at room temperature and has an odor similar to chloroform or ether. It is volatile and flammable and is used as a solvent, insecticide, building block in organic chemistry and in the production of viscose, cellophane and bamboo fiber. Carbon disulfide is naturally released into the atmosphere through various sources, including metabolic processes in plants, the decay of animal feces, from volcanoes, and also as a byproduct of oil and gas processing. Approximately 1 million tonnes (1 billion kg) of carbon disulfide are produced each year for use in industry.
The formula for carbon disulfide is CS2. It is spontaneously flammable at temperatures between 130 and 140ºC (266-284ºF) and burns with a blue flame in carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Dissolves waxes, resins, lacquers and vulcanized rubber, but must be protected from sunlight and decomposes if left standing for a prolonged period. Carbon tetrachloride, a common solvent used extensively in the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) before their use was discontinued for environmental reasons, can be produced by the chlorination of carbon disulfide.
Despite its prevalence in the atmosphere, carbon disulfide is not considered a greenhouse gas, nor is it thought to pose a threat to water supplies or soil composition. It is usually present in concentrations large enough to be dangerous only in industrial settings, where toxic amounts of the chemical can be inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Symptoms of acute carbon disulfide poisoning are respiratory failure and convulsions leading to coma and death. Less severe exposure can cause nausea and vomiting accompanied by headache, delirium and hallucinations. Chronic exposure at low levels can produce atherosclerosis, impaired vision and symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease.
The carbon disulfide material safety data sheet (MSDS) describes the chemical as extremely hazardous if it contacts skin or eyes, is swallowed, or inhaled. In case of contact with eyes, it is recommended to rinse with cold water for 15 minutes, and for skin contact, wash with soap and water. Victims of CS2 inhalation and ingestion should be given mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and qualified medical attention as soon as possible.
Carbon disulfide should be stored in a closed container away from open heat sources. Spills should be cleaned up with dry earth. A small fire involving CS2 should be extinguished with dry chemical powder and a large one with alcohol foam, water spray or fog.
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