Cervical inflammation is common among women and can be caused by bacterial infections, STDs, or allergic reactions. Symptoms include pain during intercourse and urination, bleeding, and discharge. Treatment depends on the cause and can include antibiotics, antiviral medications, or surgery.
Cervical inflammation refers to irritation of the lining of the cervix. The condition is very common among women of all ages, although symptoms are more likely to appear between the ages of 10 and 25. Many different factors can contribute to cervical inflammation, including bacterial infections, allergic reactions, and sexually transmitted diseases. The inflammation can cause pain during urination and intercourse, unusual bleeding, or thick vaginal discharge. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and most problems can be completely cured within a few weeks with antibiotics.
STDs are the leading causes of cervical inflammation in young women. Genital herpes, human papillomavirus, chlamydia, gonorrhea and many other bacteria and viruses can lead to irritation of the cervical walls. Bacterial infection can also occur if a woman has a weakened immune system or accidentally punctures the lining of the cervix with a foreign object. Also, cervical inflammation can be a sign of an allergic reaction to a latex condom, scented tampon, or douche ingredient.
Many cases of cervical inflammation, including those caused by STDs, cause no obvious physical symptoms. A woman may not be diagnosed until a routine gynecological exam reveals a problem. When symptoms are present, they can include sharp pains during intercourse and urination and bleeding between periods. Bacteria can cause a foul-smelling yellow or white discharge. It is important to visit a gynecologist at the first signs of cervical inflammation to receive a correct diagnosis and learn about treatment options.
A doctor may conduct a physical exam to look for redness, swelling, and inflammation of the tissues. A Pap smear and laboratory analysis of the discharge fluid can reveal the presence of specific bacteria or viruses. If clinical tests aren’t conclusive, your ob-gyn may do a tissue biopsy to rule out more serious problems, such as cervical cancer.
Oral antibiotics are effective in curing most types of bacterial infections. Viruses, particularly herpes, can be more difficult to treat, although antiviral medications are available to relieve acute symptoms and reduce the chances of recurring flare-ups of cervical inflammation. Identifying the cause of the allergic inflammation and avoiding future exposure is usually sufficient treatment for women with severe allergies. If pain and other problems persist despite taking medications, a surgeon may need to remove a section of damaged cervical tissue by freezing it, cauterizing it with a laser, or excising it with a scalpel.
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