China is the third largest country in the world, located in East Asia with diverse landscapes and climates. It became the People’s Republic of China in 1949 under Mao Zedong’s leadership. China has 23 provinces, five autonomous regions, and four municipalities with diverse languages, ethnicities, and religions. It is the most populous country in the world with over 50 ethnic groups and religious freedom guaranteed by the constitution.
The third largest country in the world is the People’s Republic of China (PRC), commonly referred to as China. It is located in East Asia with its east coast bordering the Pacific Ocean. China shares the rest of its borders with Russia, North Korea, Kazakhstan, Vietnam, Laos, Burma, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, India, Pakistan and Afghanistan.
The People’s Republic of China is home to the Yellow and Yangtze rivers and has a diverse landscape including basins, plains, plateaus, hills and mountains. China has a continental climate; however, as the country spans over 50 degrees latitude, there is a great deal of variation in climatic zones. Areas in southern China are tropical or subtropical and have short winters and long summers, while further northern areas are in the frozen tundra zone.
Although China is an early civilization, it wasn’t officially called the People’s Republic of China until October 1, 1949, when it was declared a socialist republic and appointed by ruler Mao Zedong. Zedong was the chairman of the Communist Party of China and responsible for China’s Cultural Revolution, in which he called for class struggle propaganda to remove the liberal elite that was dominating the Communist Party. Although 20th-century China has a history of bloodshed and class struggles and remained a communist country with tight political control, 21st-century China has emerged as a socialist market economy that has forged ahead through the reforms and the implementation of open policies.
The People’s Republic of China is divided into 23 provinces, five autonomous regions, two special administrative regions and four municipalities which are under the direct jurisdiction of the central government. Within these provinces and regions there is great diversity in terms of language, ethnicity and religion. The official language of the Chinese government is Mandarin Chinese and Chinese has been used as a written language for 6,000 years. There are multiple dialects throughout China and many of the different ethnic groups have their own language.
With more than 50 ethnic groups, the People’s Republic of China is not only the most populous country in the world but also has racial diversity. China also reveals its religious diversity through the practice of Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity and Islam by its citizens. Although China is a communist government, freedom of religion is guaranteed and religious activities are protected by the Chinese constitution.
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