Chlorobenzene is a clear liquid aromatic hydrocarbon with a molecular formula of C6H5Cl. It is used as an industrial solvent and in the production of nitrochlorobenzene, phenol, and DDT. However, it is highly flammable and exposure can cause damage to the mucous glands, kidneys, liver, and nervous system. Proper protective equipment should be worn when using chlorobenzene.
Chlorobenzene is a chemical compound composed of carbon, chlorine and hydrogen. It is alternatively referred to as benzene chloride, benzene monochloride, monochlorobenzene and phenyl chloride. This chemical is most commonly encountered in its liquid form, which is clear. The molecule itself is a ring-shaped aromatic compound.
The physical and chemical properties of chlorobenzene are well known. It has a boiling point of approximately 132 degrees Celsius (269.6 degrees Fahrenheit), a melting point of approximately -45.6 degrees Celsius (-50.1 degrees Fahrenheit), a vapor pressure of 1580 Pa, and a molecular weight of 112.6 grams per mole ( g /mol). Structurally, it has a molecular formula of C6H5Cl, which means that each chlorobenzene molecule has six carbon atoms, 5 hydrogen atoms, and one chlorine atom.
Chlorobenzene is classified as an aromatic hydrocarbon. Aromatic hydrocarbons are molecules that form a ring made up of six carbon atoms, called a benzene ring. The carbon molecules in this ring are covalently bonded together, although the bonds themselves constantly alternate between those of the single and double types. Hydrogen atoms are individually bonded to each of the carbon atoms except the one bonded to chlorine.
Chlorobenzene has been used for many things. It is an industrial solvent for paints and also a process solvent for adhesives, polishes and waxes. It can be used to produce nitrochlorobenzene and phenol. Chlorobenzene is probably most famous for its use in the production of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), although this use has declined significantly since restrictions on DDT were put in place in the 1960s and 1970s.
The chemical can be dangerous to humans. Chlorobenzene is highly flammable and must be properly stored to avoid fire. Tests have shown that significant exposure can cause damage to the mucous glands, kidneys, and liver; animal tests have also suggested it can cause testicular degeneration. Some previous studies suggest that inhaling chlorobenzene for many hours at a time can cause nervous system damage. When using chlorobenzene, proper protective equipment such as goggles, gloves and a lab coat should be worn, as well as a respiratory mask if the work area is not sufficiently ventilated.
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