Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is a harmless condition affecting mucous membranes and skin, but can become life-threatening for those with compromised immunity. Diagnosis is made through visual examination and laboratory tests. Treatment involves antifungal medication, immunotherapy, and topical creams.
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is an infectious disease associated with exposure to the yeast Candida albicans (C. albicans), a member of the candida genus or family. Affecting the mucous membranes and skin, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is normally a harmless condition. Individuals with compromised immunity, however, are at greater risk for recurring and serious infections. If left untreated, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis can quickly become life-threatening for a person with reduced immunity. Treatment for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis generally involves the use of an antifungal drug, immunotherapy, or a combination of the two.
A diagnosis of mucocutaneous candidiasis is usually made with a visual examination of the affected area. Laboratory tests, including a blood test and a skin culture of the affected area, are done to confirm a diagnosis. Immunity tests may also be conducted to evaluate the condition of the individual’s immune system, especially if they are experiencing a pronounced and recurring infection.
C. albicans is normally considered a harmless yeast. However, it can be aggressive if given the right conditions to thrive. Individuals with healthy immunity are rarely bothered by candidiasis infection, and if they are, the infection is minor and fleeting. Those with compromised immunity aren’t always so lucky.
For individuals diagnosed with chronic conditions, such as human papilloma virus (HPV), a simple break in the skin can offer an entry point for the yeast to be introduced into the body. Insufficient immunity provides the perfect condition in which yeast can thrive, leading to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. T cells play a key role in the body’s ability to maintain healthy immunity. Those with deficient T cells, including those with HIV/AIDS, are more likely to have a more serious infection.
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis often occurs on the hands, nails, and other membranous tissues. For example, lesions that form under the nails take on an unnatural green or brown hue, and tissues, such as the cuticle, in the surrounding area become inflamed and tender to the touch. When the infection affects warmer areas of the body, such as the armpits or groin, the irritation can cause itching and discomfort. Lesions that form on the head, torso, or limbs may appear firm and plaque-like. Left untreated, the infection can enter the bloodstream or settle in one’s organs causing significant complications.
Treatment for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is often multifaceted in approach. Antifungal medications are given to inhibit further growth of the yeast and relieve the infection. Individuals with compromised immunity may undergo immunotherapy to boost their immunity and make recurring infections less likely. Topical creams can also be used to relieve symptoms, although with chronic presentations of candidiasis, topical creams often have little effect. Those with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and existing illnesses, such as cancer or HPV, are encouraged to take supplemental vitamins, stay hydrated, and consume a healthy diet to further strengthen their immune systems.
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