Cold drawing is a metal forming process where metal is forced through dies to reduce its cross-sectional size, producing a consistent and defect-free product. There are three types of cold drawing: tube, bar, and wire drawing. The process improves yield and tensile strength, and is used in the production of various items such as electrical cables, guitar strings, and plumbing tubing.
Cold drawing is a metal forming process in which a piece of metal is forced through one or more dies, thereby reducing the cross-sectional size of the original part. The cold drawing process produces a dimensionally consistent final product, improving both yield strength and tensile strength. The resulting surface is clean and free from scale or other defects. Cold drawing is typically used to produce precision steel, copper, and aluminum rods, rods, and wires that must meet stringent physical and mechanical specifications.
During the cold drawing process, a stationary platform called a drawing table is used to hold the die in place. The counter has an incoming and an outgoing side. The outlet side consists of a long roller deck, used to collect the finished material after it has been forced through the die. Metal stock, usually in rod or wire form, is loaded into the feed side. One end of the metal stock is sized down to fit the die. A hydraulic cylinder or winch is then used to pull the metal through the die and onto the exit rollers.
There are three main types of cold drawing: tube drawing, bar drawing and wire drawing. The tube design reduces both the inside diameter (ID) and the outside diameter (OD), increasing the length of the tube. The wall thickness of the pipe remains constant. The bar design reduces the cross section of the original bar while increasing the length. The width or height of the original stock may remain constant, although usually both dimensions are reduced. Wire drawing reduces the outer diameter of the wire while increasing the length. The volume of the thread remains constant. Wire drawing usually requires several stages to reduce the wire to the desired size. The dies used in wire drawing are usually made of tungsten carbide or diamond.
In addition to changing the physical dimensions, cold drawing also alters some mechanical properties of the original blank. 30% increases in tensile strength are possible, and gains of 80% in yield strength are often observed in many materials. The changes in mechanical properties are related to the amount of reduction in the cross section of the original stock. A small initial reduction in cross section can lead to large changes in mechanical properties, although the rate of change decreases rapidly as the amount of reduction increases.
Cold drawing is used in the production of copper electrical cables and domestic wiring, as well as structural steel and industrial piping. The cold drawing process produces many common everyday items, such as paper clips, guitar strings and springs. Other applications include parts for various musical instruments and electrical components as well as plumbing tubing and tubing.
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