Commercial surrogacy involves paying a woman to carry and deliver a child, with the child then handed over to the individual or couple who paid for the service. Surrogacy is most commonly used by those with fertility issues, same-sex couples and single people. The legality of surrogacy varies by country, with some outlawing it due to ethical concerns. Surrogacy can involve natural conception, artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization. The cost of surrogacy varies by country, with India being a popular destination due to lower costs.
Commercial surrogacy is the process in which an individual or couple pays a commission to a woman in exchange for her transportation and delivery. At birth, the child is handed over to the individual or couple, either privately or through a legal adoption process. Couples with fertility issues, same-sex couples, and single people who want to be parents are the most common types of people looking for surrogate mothers. Some celebrities, including Robert De Niro, Kelsey Grammer and Sarah Jessica Parker, used surrogates as late as 2009.
Surrogate mothers can become pregnant through intercourse which may or may not involve the child’s parent. Other surrogacy contracts involve artificial insemination, either in the clinic or at home. In vitro fertilization, a method in which eggs are fertilized with sperm outside the uterus and implanted in the mother afterwards, is less common for surrogates due to cost, but it is a possible method.
In the United States and many European countries, the issue of commercial surrogacy is often scrutinized by local and federal governments. Some US states prohibit surrogacy contracts altogether, while others allow them with certain restrictions. Surrogacy is legal in England, but agencies that charge a fee to find a surrogate mother are not. As of 2010, surrogacy was completely illegal in France, Germany, Norway, Italy and many other countries, whether it was for profit or not. Strict laws in such developed countries have led to an increase in international surrogacy in less developed nations, such as India, which legalized commercial surrogacy in 2002.
In the United States, many surrogate mothers are paid tens of thousands of dollars to carry a child. The couple or individual who pays the mother can also pay for her medical bills and provide other non-monetary compensation, such as transportation and food. In India, the cost of a surrogate mother is much lower, and international surrogacy can allow people who want a child to avoid many of the legal restrictions common in North America and Europe.
Countries that have outlawed commercial surrogacy usually cite ethical reasons for the decision. Some see paying for a surrogate mother as the rent or purchase of the human body or a human life. Proponents of surrogacy arrangements argue that the process is mutually beneficial, allowing the pregnant mother to earn money while providing a baby for people who might not otherwise be able to experience parenthood.
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