Computer languages are formal syntax and semantics used to communicate instructions to computer systems. Syntax and semantics are like grammar and vocabulary in human languages. Different types of computer languages exist, and they are imperative in nature. They are modified and developed over time to meet users’ needs and keep pace with technological advances.
A computer language is a “language” made up of formal syntax and semantics that allow users to communicate instructions to computer systems. Programming languages are by far the most common examples of computer languages, so the terms “computer language” and “programming language” are often used interchangeably. A computer cannot work with human language, and in most cases, a human cannot work efficiently in computer binary, so a higher level language is needed for programmers to give instructions to computer systems. There are different types of computer languages. Many programmers choose to use one or more languages due to personal preferences, the particular capabilities of a given language, and the needs of the project at hand.
Syntax and semantics, or structure and meaning, are the two defining characteristics of computer language and can be compared to the grammar and vocabulary of human languages. Different programming terms must be entered in particular orders and marked with specific punctuation and spacing for the computer to understand. In general, these restrictions on computer language are much more severe than those on human languages. Often a human language can still be understood even with problems of grammar and word usage, but the interpretive capabilities of computers are relatively limited; even minor spacing problems, in many languages, will result in an error message, as the computer will not be able to follow the instructions provided.
Human languages are meant to allow individuals to communicate with each other. This can involve discussion, commanding, questioning, declaring and many other forms of communication. The purpose of computer language, on the other hand, is generally to provide explicit instructions for the computer to follow, so such languages are usually imperative in nature. Some computer languages, however, rely primarily on the use of logical expressions or mathematical formulas. Reducing computer language to mathematical or logical expressions can help reduce the chances of side effects that can arise from some imperative expressions, but it can also make programming more difficult for those without extensive mathematical skills.
Computer languages are modified and developed over time to better meet the needs of their users and to keep pace with technological advances. The changes include changes in syntax and semantics as well as increases and additions to general functionality. A modern computer language may, for example, be upgraded from an older version to use processors with more cores. The languages are also optimized for mobile application programming.
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