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Congenital melanocytic nevus is a birthmark composed of pigmented cells that can appear anywhere on the body. It is usually removed for cosmetic reasons and to reduce the risk of skin cancer. The cause is not clearly understood, and removal can be difficult.
A congenital melanocytic nevus is a type of birthmark composed of pigmented cells that usually occurs on the head or neck, although it can develop anywhere on the body. This birthmark can appear quite large and can even include excess hair, although this varies from person to person. In most cases, a congenital melanocytic nevus is removed for cosmetic reasons and to reduce the risk of developing some forms of skin cancer. Any questions or concerns about a congenital melanocytic nevus or individualized treatment options should be discussed with a doctor or other medical professional.
In many cases, a congenital melanocytic nevus covers only a small area, although these darkened birthmarks can sometimes cover a large percentage of the body. The exact cause for the development of these birthmarks is not clearly understood, but it is generally believed that they form in the embryonic stage of development. Overactive pigment cells gather in various areas of the body. The skin is the most common site for a congenital melanocytic nevus to develop, although this growth can affect any part of the body, including the eyes, ears, or intestines.
In most cases, a congenital melanocytic nevus is small to medium in size and has an oval, multi-colored appearance. If left untreated, the nevus tends to grow with the child, often appearing smaller as the child grows. Occasionally, the lesion may become darker and hairier during adolescence.
The chances of a congenital melanocytic nevus becoming cancerous are quite small in most situations. Larger nevi that cover a significant portion of the body can carry an increased risk of becoming malignant over time, especially with repeated sun exposure. For this reason, as well as for the sake of appearance, birthmarks are often removed.
Removing a congenital melanocytic nevus can be difficult or even impossible in some situations. Surgical removal leads to significant scarring and may not be practical, depending on the size and location of the lesion. Laser removal is a more common procedure, but is not always successful. Due to the difficulty in removing these lesions, unless there are complications, many doctors will simply check the nevus for any noticeable changes. Because every situation is different, anyone considering treatment for this type of birthmark should see a doctor to create a personalized treatment plan.
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