Connection-oriented communication requires a connection request before data transfer, while connectionless communication is best-effort. Packet switching allows for large data transfer, and the OSI model has layers for physical, data transmission, and network addressing. TCP ensures successful data transfer, while UDP is used for applications that don’t require administration. Statistical multiplexing allows for high-speed data sharing and connecting remote areas to the Internet.
Connection-oriented communication is a mode of data communication that requires overhead in setting up a connection request before sending any type of data communication message. Connection-oriented mode (CO-mode), differentiated from connectionless communication, is required by most computer networking protocols to ensure that no packets are lost. Protocols are a set of standards and rules that support specific ways of communicating data. Connection-oriented communication was designed to make sure that there are resources available as required by the type of communication required.
Connectionless communication is a best-effort type of communication. For example, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is transmitted to a destination without any prior data exchange. There may be an application on the target computer waiting for the UDP packet. The UDP packet is received and the data is extracted. No mechanism will ask the source computer to retransmit the packet in case the packet never reaches the destination as an error-free packet.
Packet switching allows you to send a large amount of data in the form of multiple packets over the Internet to a destination computer. Connection-oriented communication tracks the status of source and destination computers and the completion of data transfer. It may take more packets to complete the data transfer.
Layer 1 in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is the physical layer that determines whether the physical medium is wired, wireless, or fiber optic. The second level defines how data nodes such as computers and routers are able to determine when to transmit. Layer 3 determines network addressing and how packets reach the required destination address in a public data network. It is the transmission control layer that manages the rate of data transmission. Layer 4 is where connection-based or connectionless communication is determined.
The buffers on the destination equipment can get filled and protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) will signal the source computer to temporarily stop sending data. TCP also retries to complete data transfers when they are interrupted. In packet switching, TCP makes sure that packets are in the correct order even if some are late in reaching their destination. TCP, which is connection-oriented communication, tracks data transfers and monitors the pace, error checking, and possible retransmission to ensure that the data transfer is successful. UDP is connectionless, on the same level in the OSI model as TCP, and used by applications that can do without tedious administration.
Statistical multiplexing is a useful process for sharing data at high speeds and balancing data transfer requirements across different input/output ports. In a geographically remote area, a statistical multiplexer can connect this area to the rest of the Internet. This statistical multiplexer makes it possible for many users to share a single data communication hardware to and from that area. It provides a separate virtual circuit, but uses only one physical circuit, which is the combined or aggregated link of the statistical multiplexer.
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