Convenience sampling is a non-probability method where the researcher chooses subjects that are easy to reach. It is quick and inexpensive but not as rigorous as probability sampling. Snowball sampling is a similar method. Random sampling is considered the gold standard for research.
Convenience sampling is also known as grab, opportunity, accidental, or random sampling. With this method, the researcher uses topics that are easy to reach. As the name describes, the researcher chooses subjects for convenience. Some examples of hands-on sampling are when students use their classmates in a research study or a TV reporter interviews people on the street.
In research methods, there are two primary classifications for sampling methods: non-probability and probability. With probability sampling methods, all possible individuals in a population have some chance of being included in the sample. Researchers can even calculate the mathematical probability of a selected one. They can also calculate the sampling error, which is the degree to which the sample might differ from the actual population.
Convenience sampling is a non-bias method. This means that subjects are chosen non-randomly and some members of the population have no chance of being included. With non-propensity sampling, researchers have no way to calculate how well their sample represents the population as a whole. In general, probability sampling is considered more rigorous and accurate than non-problem sampling, but it is not always feasible.
When time or cost is a factor, some researchers may use hands-on sampling. It is often used in pilot or exploratory studies when the researcher wants an inexpensive and quick way to discern whether further research is warranted. Many social science studies use hands-on sampling with students, paid volunteers, or clients.
Another method similar to hands-on sampling is called snowball sampling. This is another non-bias method, where current participants refer to or identify other possible subjects. Snowball sampling is often used when members of a given population are hard to find.
There are obvious advantages to hands-on sampling. It is usually a quick and relatively inexpensive method of collecting data. Many researchers already have a pool of clients, patients, students, colleagues or friends that they can use.
Random sampling, a method of probability, is considered the gold standard for research. With random sampling, every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, so the sample is a good representation of the population. A convenience sample is not representative of the population, and the method is not as structured or rigorous as probability methods. Studies using this sampling method should be critically evaluated for possible biases and limitations on the generalization of the results.
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