Cortisone is a steroid hormone used as a drug to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. It is available in various forms, including injections for localized pain relief and oral doses for widespread inflammation. Cortisone can have side effects, including immune system suppression, and patients should inform their healthcare professionals of any other medications they may be taking.
Cortisone is a steroid hormone that is naturally produced by the adrenal gland and synthetically produced as a drug in the corticosteroid class of drugs. Corticosteroids act as anti-inflammatories, reducing inflammation caused by a number of conditions, and also suppress the immune system. The production of cortisone was discovered at the Mayo Clinic and first manufactured by Merck & Co. It is available by prescription in the form of topical tablets and creams, and is also given by injection.
Cortisone injections are commonly given to patients experiencing localized joint or muscle pain resulting from conditions such as carpal tunnel and injuries to overused joints, such as the shoulder or knee. Unlike oral doses, which are absorbed by the body gradually over time, injections allow for immediate and targeted relief of localized inflammation and pain. These injections often contain an additional pain reliever intended to provide immediate numbness and pain relief, while the corticosteroid works within a day or two. Cortisone injections can provide lasting relief for several weeks.
Oral doses are most effective in treating widespread inflammation and joint pain, such as arthritis. In addition to treating pain and inflammation caused by arthritis, injuries, and other conditions, cortisone is sometimes used to treat endocrine disorders, allergic reactions, skin conditions and disorders, as well as some respiratory disorders and other conditions.
Cortisone side effects vary, and some can be dangerous. Adverse reactions include sodium and fluid retention, potassium loss, muscle weakness, abdominal discomfort, and immune system suppression. While cortisone acetate can be prescribed in immunosuppressive doses, complications of a suppressed immune system can occur in any patient, especially with long-term use. These complications include infections, vulnerability to infections and viruses, and difficulty healing wounds.
A doctor may recommend cortisone in any form to treat a variety of conditions and complications. Patients should remember to inform their healthcare professionals of any other medications they may be taking. It is also important to remember not to have “live” viral vaccinations while taking corticosteroids.
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