Cranberry extract contains anthocyanidin, a potent antioxidant that protects collagen from free radical damage. Tannin in cranberry extract can reduce inflammation but may cause side effects such as stomach pain and mineral absorption inhibition. Bilberry extract supplements contain high anthocyanidin concentration, while blueberries provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits.
Cranberry extract is derived from the dark purple berries of the cranberry plant, which is native to northern regions of Europe. The small blueberry bush, also known as Vaccinium myrtillus, typically reaches a height of 16 inches (40.64 cm) and features oval leaves and pinkish-white flowers. Cranberry extract is commonly used as a nutritional supplement to treat a variety of conditions, including diarrhea, heart disease, and macular degeneration. Its effectiveness has not been scientifically determined, but the chemicals in cranberry extract generally have beneficial properties.
A chemical in cranberry extract is anthocyanidin, a flavonoid that causes cranberry’s deep purple color. Its strong antioxidant properties protect cranberry from the damaging effects of free radicals, and researchers have discovered that anthocyanidin may also protect human cells from free radical damage. In fact, anthocyanidin is a more potent antioxidant than vitamin C and vitamin E. A unique feature of anthocyanidins is that they tend to be effective in both polar and nonpolar environments.
The potential medical applications of anthocyanidin depend on its ability to protect collagen from free radicals. Collagen is the material that forms the capillary walls and joints. Over time, free radicals damage collagen, reducing its integrity. Since anthocyanidin can protect collagen from free radical damage, researchers are looking into possible ways to incorporate anthocyanidin in the treatment of atherosclerosis and arthritis.
Another chemical in cranberry extract that has beneficial properties is tannin. It is an astringent, which means that it shrinks or contracts tissue to reduce inflammation. Tannins are excellent first aid medicine, as they can help stop bleeding and reduce the risk of infection associated with cuts and burns. Tannins are also effective in reducing constipation and diarrhea. There is some evidence to suggest that tannins may also help kill colon cancer cells.
However, with these great benefits come potential side effects. People who are sensitive to tannins may experience stomach pain or kidney irritation. Tannins can also inhibit the natural absorption of minerals, including iron, which can lead to anemia if tannins are consumed over a long period of time.
Bilberry extract supplements contain a high concentration of anthocyanidins, typically between 25 and 35 percent. The blueberry fruit is less potent than the supplement, but still provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. Eating more blueberries generally increases the effectiveness of its properties. Another way to extract the anthocyanidins and tannins from cranberries is to prepare cranberry tea from cranberries and cranberry leaves.
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