Crohn’s ileitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the small intestine. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fatigue. There is no cure, but medication and surgery can manage symptoms. Diagnosis involves blood tests and colonoscopy. The cause is unknown, but genetics and a hypersensitive immune response may play a role. Complications include ulcers, malnutrition, and osteoporosis.
Crohn’s ileitis is an inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Considered a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s ileitis occurs primarily in the small intestine and is the most common form of Crohn’s disease. Individuals with this digestive disorder are vulnerable to a number of potential complications, including ulcers and osteoporosis. There is no cure for Crohn’s ileitis, although remission is possible. Treatment centers on managing symptoms with medications and, in some cases, surgery.
Several diagnostic tests can be performed to establish a diagnosis of Crohn’s ileitis. Based on your symptoms, blood tests may be done to check for markers suggestive of infection and the presence of antibodies. A colonoscopy is usually given to assess the condition of the colon and evaluate for intestinal inflammation. Additional imaging tests may be performed to evaluate the condition and function of the lower bowel.
There are no known causes for developing Crohn’s ileitis. Research has shown that many individuals with Crohn’s ileitis share a genetic mutation that may play a significant role in the development of the disease. A hypersensitive immunological response to a pathogenic presence, such as bacteria, within the gastrointestinal tract is also suspected to contribute to the onset of the disease. Regular use of tobacco and over-the-counter (OTC) nonsteroidal pain relievers can also induce Crohn’s ileitis symptoms.
The severity and presentation of your symptoms generally depends on the extent of intestinal inflammation. Fluid buildup in the intestines often contributes to acute episodes of diarrhea. Tissue ulceration and intestinal irritation can lead to intense abdominal cramps and bloody stools. Symptomatic individuals may also experience pronounced fatigue and unintentional weight loss.
If symptoms are left untreated, individuals may be at significant risk for complications. Ulceration can cause scarring and thickening of the affected tissues, leading to the formation of a fistula or intestinal obstruction. Chronic or severe diarrhea and abdominal discomfort can significantly impair appetite and digestive function, increasing the risk of malnutrition. As a result, prolonged nutrient deprivation can lead to calcium and vitamin deficiencies, osteoporosis and anemia.
The usual way to manage symptoms is with medication. Immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory drugs are often prescribed to relieve inflammation, but they carry a considerable risk of side effects when used long-term. Paracetamol and anti-diarrheal pain relievers may also be given to relieve loose bowel and abdominal discomfort. Individuals with significant digestive issues may be placed on a feeding tube to reduce the stress on the intestines.
Those who exhibit moderate to severe Crohn’s ileitis symptoms that prove unmanageable may have surgery to repair the diseased intestine. Surgery often leads to temporary remission, but it is not uncommon for symptoms to return, necessitating further procedures. Postoperative care often involves continuation of drug therapy and dietary changes to manage flare-ups.
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