Dumping syndrome occurs when stomach contents are sent to the small intestine too quickly, usually after stomach surgery. Symptoms include bloating, cramping, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sweating, and weakness. Treatment includes a change in diet and medication. Surgery may be necessary for those who cannot find relief.
Dumping syndrome, also known as rapid gastric emptying, occurs when stomach contents are sent to the small intestine too quickly. This syndrome is usually the result of stomach surgery, although this is not always the case. There are two basic types of dumping syndrome, including “early” dumping and “late” dumping. While early discharge occurs almost immediately after a meal, late discharge occurs two to three hours after a meal.
Bloating, cramping, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea and vomiting are all symptoms associated with early discharge. Dizziness, sweating and weakness are usually related to the late discharge. Because the rapid elimination of food causes the pancreas to produce excessive amounts of insulin, people with dumping syndrome are often hypoglycemic.
Due to the fact that dumping syndrome is almost always associated with gastric bypass surgery, this is the first thing doctors consider when attempting to diagnose a patient. Additional tests are also done, including a barium fluoroscopy and a radionuclide scan. A barium fluoroscopy involves ingesting a barium sulfate solution followed by an X-ray. Medical professionals can determine the presence of dumping syndrome if an X-ray reveals rapid elimination of fluid from the stomach. In most cases, this syndrome can be detected immediately.
A radionuclide scan test involves ingesting a radionuclide, also called a radioactive isotope, followed by an X-ray. Once a radionuclide has been ingested, the substance will begin to erode within the stomach area, resulting in the release of gamma photons. Medical professionals then use a specialized gamma camera to detect and map areas of the stomach that have been affected by dumping syndrome.
In most cases, treatment of dumping syndrome includes a change in a person’s diet. Large meals should be avoided, while small meals should be eaten at various times of the day. A diet for dumping syndrome is often low in carbohydrates and simple sugars. Drinks, in this case, should only be consumed between meals. Fibrous foods can also help keep rapid discharge at bay. Some people experiencing severe gastric emptying may also be prescribed various medications, including proton pump inhibitors, octreotide, and cholestyramine.
After a proper diagnosis, most people are able to lead normal lives. By sticking to a balanced diet that includes nutritious foods, people who have rapid gastric emptying syndrome can avoid stomach pain. Those people who cannot find relief after a dietary change, however, may need to have certain surgical procedures.
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