Electrolyte balance is crucial for regulating bodily functions. Imbalances can be caused by dehydration or over-hydration and can be identified through blood or urine tests. Treatment options include supplements, fluids, or intravenous absorption, but underlying diseases must also be addressed. Seniors and those with medical conditions are at higher risk.
Electrolyte balance refers to the combined levels of the different electrolytes found in the blood. An electrolyte is a substance with free ions that conduct electrical signals. The proper balance of these substances in the body is critical in regulating everything from oxygen supply to fluid balance within cells.
An electrolyte imbalance can be caused by decreased water elimination or excessive electrolyte intake. This is most often related to dehydration or over-hydration. The effects are noticed when the level of sodium, potassium or calcium in the body is too high or too low. In a healthy person it is not difficult to maintain the correct electrolyte balance through regular hydration and elimination. Seniors, children, and people with complex medical conditions are at increased risk of poor electrolyte balance as a long-term health problem.
There are wide ranges of flavored drinks that claim to restore electrolyte balance. These drinks are high in sugar, sodium and potassium and are intended for use by high-performance athletes who have experienced a period of intense exertion and excessive sweating. As the kidneys process the electrolyte drinks, salts are absorbed and balance is restored.
Problems with electrolytes can be identified through blood or urine tests. Treatment options range from taking supplements, drinking more fluids, or intravenously absorbing certain electrolytes or fluids. These treatment options are used to treat the imbalance. Further investigation and treatment for the underlying disease is still needed.
Symptoms of low sodium include confusion, muscle weakness, and seizures. This can be corrected with gradual intake of sodium and water. High sodium levels are usually a symptom of dehydration or diuretic use. Thirst is the first symptom. Drinking liquids will restore proper balance.
The exact treatment schedule for an imbalance depends on exactly what mineral is missing or in excess. If you think you may have an electrolyte imbalance, see your doctor right away. Low sodium levels can be caused by dietary problems, excessive sweating, urination or excessive hydration. The use of diuretics helps the kidneys remove excess sodium and water, but can also create an imbalance in sodium levels, due to excessive sodium secretion. There are a number of prescription drugs and hormonal disorders that can also cause low sodium levels.
Older adults are at higher risk for abnormal electrolyte levels, as their kidneys may not be working as required. Regular use of diuretics, laxatives, and walking problems can also create an imbalance. Temporary disturbances that interfere with food and water absorption, such as recurring diarrhea or vomiting, can create a temporary electrolyte imbalance.
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