Electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs when differently charged objects meet, causing damage to electronics. ESD prevention measures include grounding, anti-static bags, and specialized floors. Humidity levels should also be monitored, and automotive grounding straps used to prevent static buildup.
An electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a transfer of energy between two differently charged objects. Most people have experienced ESD in the form of static shock. In addition to being surprising, ESD can cause serious damage to electronics, which is why many manufacturers install guards to protect themselves from ESD. There are certain steps consumers should take to avoid ESD, especially around motor vehicles.
ESD occurs when two objects with different numbers of electrons, which causes a difference in energy potentials, meet. A classic example occurs when someone walks across a floor, picks up electrons and charges up, then touches an object in the room, causing the excess electrons to discharge, resulting in a shock. When two objects close to each other create a large electrostatic field, this too can cause an ESD. Humans in motion can build up a surprisingly high static charge.
Since this is an electrical phenomenon, ESD can damage electrical components. ESD is accompanied by intense heat, although humans usually do not feel it. This heat, however, can cause serious damage to small electrical components when an ESD is focused on them. The electrical pulse that forms the core of an ESD also acts like a surge on electrical devices and can short out or permanently damage the system.
This is of particular concern in the computer industry, where many components are shipped in anti-static bags to prevent damage and technicians are encouraged to discharge static electricity before performing work. Additionally, many factories used specialized floors that are supposed to dissipate static electricity, rather than allow workers to collect it.
The simplest way to prevent ESD in your home, factory, or vehicle is to ground yourself. For example, many companies sell automotive grounding straps that prevent static electricity buildup. In addition, before refueling a vehicle, drivers should always touch a metal part of the car away from the fuel cap, to ensure that any static charge built up by the seat cushions or floor is dissipated before contact with flammable fuels.
Likewise, a universal ground in a factory will divert a charge before it can build up and cause ESD. Workers may wear grounding straps and grounding-capable shoes while walking on a grounded floor and using grounded workbenches. Additionally, factories should monitor their humidity levels, because ESD is much more likely to occur in areas of low humidity. Using a solid ground will allow static electricity to discharge harmlessly and in a controlled manner, preventing damage.
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