Ethyl chloride, a halogenated hydrocarbon, was once used as a refrigerant, foaming agent, anti-knock additive, and anesthetic. Its industrial use has declined due to environmental concerns, but it is still used in cosmetics and paints. It is also used as a topical coolant and anesthetic for pain relief, but long-term use can be harmful.
Ethyl chloride, also known as chloroethane and monochloroethane, is a chemical compound once used as a refrigerant, a foaming agent, an anti-knock additive for leaded gasoline, and an anesthetic. It is classified as a halogenated hydrocarbon, which means that it contains carbon and hydrogen atoms with one or more of the latter replaced by halogen agents; in this case, chlorides. Ethyl chloride is produced as a colorless liquid or gas in a series of reactions using aluminum chloride as a catalyst. It is also a by-product of polyvinyl chloride manufacturing.
Industrial use of this chlorinated hydrocarbon has declined considerably due to environmental concerns. In fact, the only consistent use of this chemical in manufacturing today is in the production of cosmetics and paints, where it is used to improve the binding and thickening properties of cellulose. However, ethyl chloride has retained its value as a skin coolant and anesthetic, and has become a pain relief treatment for muscle soreness.
Simply put, this compound is a topical coolant or skin coolant. Since it produces an instant numbing effect, it is sometimes used to provide spot treatment for sports-related injuries. It is also used before and after minor surgical procedures, or to numb the skin before receiving an injection or intravenous medication. The chemical is also used to decrease myofascial pain and to improve limited movement of the extremities.
While ethyl chloride anesthetic spray relieves pain due to muscle strain or surgical incision, there are risks associated with its use. For one, ethyl chloride is not intended for long-term use, as it is a known liver and kidney carcinogen. In fact, the use of this agent, even as a topical spray, is restricted in the US state of California for this reason. It is also necessary to protect the area surrounding the treatment site with Vaseline to prevent the skin from freezing. Otherwise, if this product is directed at one area for more than a few seconds, the skin may be damaged and permanently lose pigment.
Serious side effects are rare, although some people may experience an allergic reaction indicated by a local rash, difficulty breathing, or swelling at the application site or tongue. Due to the “quick freezing” effects of ethyl chloride, contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth or nose should be avoided. The use of this product should also be avoided during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. It should also be noted that it is not known if this chemical passes through breast milk.
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