Evening primrose oil supplements contain omega-6 fatty acids, including gamma linolenic acid (GLA), which can improve hormonal, nervous, and skin problems. GLA can also protect nerve cells, correct hormonal imbalances, and reduce inflammation. The supplement may also be helpful for the heart and circulatory system, and the immune system. Most users take between 100 milligrams and 2,400 milligrams per day, with some side effects reported at high doses. The supplement is marketed primarily to women, but some studies suggest benefits for men.
Evening primrose oil supplements are dietary enhancements that contain oil extracted from the seeds of evening primrose flowers, which are a source of omega-6 fatty acids. The omega-6 fatty acids in the seed oil can help improve hormonal, nervous, and skin problems. The supplement traditionally comes in capsule form or in bottled liquid form, which is administered one to five drops at a time under the tongue with a dropper. The yellow evening primrose flower is distinct in that it blooms only once in its life and then dies. Some complete multivitamins also contain up to 100 milligrams of evening primrose oil.
The most active fatty acid in these supplements is gamma linolenic acid (GLA). GLA’s ability to protect the outer layer of nerve cells can cause better brain function, calmness, and alertness. Increased nerve control is also a possible benefit, which is why some health professionals prescribe it for those with nervous system diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis.
The body converts GLA into prostaglandins, pseudohormones that can correct hormonal imbalances that cause breast lumps, acne, and other forms of inflammation. Evening primrose oil supplement users often report smoother skin, shrunken breast cysts, and less pain before and during menstruation. Some research suggests that the supplement’s hormone-balancing powers may be used to relieve hot flashes and cramps during menopause. Its anti-inflammatory properties have also made it a popular choice for arthritis sufferers.
Prostaglandins can reduce blood clots and blood pressure, making evening primrose oil potentially helpful for the heart and circulatory system. Research suggests that the body’s immune system also responds to prostaglandins; consequently, some users of the oil report increased resistance to colds and viruses. According to most research, evening primrose oil has more GLA and prostaglandin-producing capabilities than any other natural oil.
Most users take between 100 milligrams and 2,400 milligrams of evening primrose oil supplements per day. Approximately 500 milligrams are needed for skin problems. Typically, 1,400 milligrams is recommended for breast and premenstrual problems. Many users divide the daily intake into two or three doses taken over a 24 hour period.
More women than men are known to take evening primrose oil, in part perhaps because the supplement has a reputation for increasing breast size as a side effect. Other side effects include nausea and diarrhea, but usually only with high doses. There is debate as to whether evening primrose oil is effective for men. Some studies suggest that men may receive heart, skin, and joint benefits from the oil, but most supplements are marketed specifically for women.
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