Farsi, also known as Persian or Parsi, is the most spoken language in Iran. It has evolved over several periods and influenced many other languages. Farsi has six vowels and 23 consonants, and its sentence structure differs from English. It has borrowed words from French, English, Arabic, and Turkish. Farsi has also influenced Arabic and Ottoman Empire. Its literature includes works by Omar Khayyam and Rumi. Some Farsi words have migrated to English, and Fingilish or Penglish is commonly used in internet applications.
Farsi is the most spoken language in Iran. It derives from the Indo-Iranian language and is more commonly called Persian or Parsi by English-speaking speakers of Western Europe and North America.
As a language, it is separated into several periods of language evolution. Old Farsi or Old Persian was spoken from about 500 to 300 BC. Middle Persian dates from about 300 BC to AD 800. Modern Persian has been spoken since around 800 AD.
Modern Farsi has influenced many other languages, especially in the geographical area close to Iran. Links to it can be noted in Turkish and Azerbaijani, among others. Also, this language is clearly closely related to Hindi.
Farsi has six main vowels and 23 consonants, which differ from English alphabets. Nouns, as in modern English, lack gender. Farsi tends to structure sentences as subject, prepositional phase, object, and finally verb. This differs from the subject, verb, and object constructions of English. Also, it mostly relies on endings to change words, rather than prefixes. English uses numerous suffixes and prefixes to change meanings, tense, or a word from a noun to a verb or adjective.
Modern Farsi shows the influence of other languages. It can include words from French, English, Arabic and Turkish languages. Especially technical and scientific language can be considered borrowed from Farsi.
Some words from Farsi migrated to the English language. For example, the words assassin, angel, lemon, and julep all come from this language. Other words of this type migrate to the English language notably with the use of Fingilish or Penglish. This is Farsi written with the Latin alphabet. It is commonly used in Internet applications, such as email and chat. Also, you can send text messages in Penglish.
Farsi clearly influences Arabic as it was once the primary language used in commerce when the Persian world was pre-eminent. The Ottoman Empire used Farsi, as did many others. Persian literature, often written in Old or Middle Farsi, is enjoyed by many.
Some well-known examples of works written in this language include Omar Khayyam’s Rubaiyat and the beautiful and spiritual work of Rumi, which helped establish the structure of Sufi belief.
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