Frame relay is a fast and efficient way to transmit data packets between LANs in a WAN. It uses virtual circuits and is relatively inexpensive, but does not provide end-to-end data correction. It can deliver data with high reliability and is a valid alternative for data transmission.
Frame relay is a computer network structure that allows for a fast and efficient way to transmit frames from one device to another. These frames, or data packets, are typically sent between local area networks (LANs) within a wide area network (WAN). The way frames are sent is like a relay: data is passed from one router or node to another from where it is then sent to another node or router. It is a relatively inexpensive technology, although alternative structures such as virtual private networks (VPN) or multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) are often preferred.
Boasting rich High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) capabilities, frame relay provides basic call setup along with routing and delivery of variable length packets. What it doesn’t provide is end-to-end data correction and recovery. These functions must be available in applications that use the protocol to carry information.
The frame relay protocol is modeled on packet switching technologies very similar to x.25, which provides a way for end stations to dynamically share network media and bandwidth. There are essentially two versions of this protocol. One is based on Q.922 LAPF, the standard and most widely used distribution. The other complies with the LMI specification and is used less frequently. While frame relay does not guarantee data integrity or drop packets to prevent network congestion, it can still deliver data with a high degree of reliability.
Frame relay networks transmit frames to their destination via virtual circuits. There are two types of virtual circuits: permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) or switched virtual circuits (SVCs). SVCs are set up on a call-by-call basis. Clearly designated by a data link connection identifier (DLCI), virtual circuits provide bi-directional communication paths from one end device to another.
In a frame relay network, a number of virtual circuits can be used to send multiple messages simultaneously along a single physical circuit. This capability often reduces the amount of network equipment required. It also reduces costs while still providing secure, private, IP-based networks.
Frame relay is a valid alternative for data transmission. While it cannot guarantee data integrity, most of the supported protocols are integrated with their own set of error correction mechanisms. Because of this, frames are able to travel at exceptional speed and arrive at their destination with minimal delay. This factor gives it many of the same qualities as a direct leased line connection, only at a significantly cheaper price.
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