GIS is a system for collecting, storing, and visualizing data in geographic space and time. It is useful for professions needing detailed geographic data and can be used to map topographic, demographic, and geographic data. The quality of the system depends on the quality of the data collected. It can be used for various applications, including crime pattern analysis.
A geographic information system, or GIS, is a way of collecting, storing, and visualizing data rooted in geographic space and time. Usually the way people interact with this system is by adding collected data to a system or by using the system to draw conclusions about the real world. Many different professions interact with GIS in different ways to achieve different goals, but this type of system is particularly useful in professions that need detailed geographic data, such as geology. The quality of the system depends almost entirely on the quality of the data, which in turn depends on the skill of the people who collect the data. While the hardware and software involved in the system are also very important, the actual data is the heart of the GIS.
GIS can be used to map all kinds of different data, including topographic, demographic, and simple geographic data. In its most basic form, GIS is a mapping system that can be used for cartographic purposes. In general, however, people who use this type of system have additional data used. This data is linked to a space and a recording date and can be used in all kinds of applications depending on the subject.
At a minimum, this kind of system requires an orderly way of determining where things are. For every relevant geographic point that exists, there must exist a point in the mapping system. Since there may be something different at any one time, it is important that this type of system is updated frequently.
This concept of tying information to a place can be difficult to understand in the abstract but it is very clear in reality. For example, if the police were studying crime patterns in a particular city, they could use a police incident map to visualize where crime typically occurs and position officers accordingly. If the data used in that question were to include the type of crime, the age of the offender, and the time of day, a person interested in the relationship between school time and youth involvement in drug offenses might be able to make a convincing case that children should be kept in school longer if the data supports that claim. The point is, GIS is not only useful for geographic feature information. Everything in the human world happens both in a place and at a time, and therefore GIS can be used as an invaluable tool for making sense of almost everything in the human world.
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