Glossitis is inflammation of the tongue that causes it to become smooth, dark red, and swollen. It can be caused by various environmental factors such as infections, allergies, deficiencies, burns, tobacco, and alcohol. A dentist can help diagnose and treat the underlying causes, while anti-inflammatory medications, avoiding irritants, and dietary changes can provide relief. Good oral hygiene and regular dental checkups can prevent future problems.
Glossitis is a harmless condition that results from inflammation of the tongue. Acute or chronic irritation causes the tongue to become smooth, turn dark red, and swell. Some people inherit the condition from their parents, but most cases of glossitis are caused by various environmental factors. A dentist can help patients find relief from symptoms by identifying and treating the underlying causes. Maintaining a nutritious diet and good oral hygiene practices can help prevent tongue problems from returning.
A healthy tongue is covered in small bumps and hair-like projections called papillae that contain taste buds and help you swallow food. Inflammation and swelling of the tongue causes the papillae to disappear and the tongue takes on a smooth, even shiny appearance. Glossitis can be caused by bacterial and viral infections, allergic reactions to oral hygiene products, and vitamin B or iron deficiencies. The tongue can also be irritated by a severe burn, use of tobacco, alcohol and spicy foods.
When the tongue swells, it usually turns a dark red color and becomes tender. Some cases of glossitis, especially those caused by infections, result in a constant, painful burning sensation across the tongue. A condition called geographic tongue occurs when only part of the tongue is affected by inflammation, resulting in a distinct, map-like appearance of light and dark patches. The swelling can be severe enough to impair speech and swallowing, and some people experience breathing problems when the enlarged tongue blocks the airways.
Tongue irritation that causes discoloration and swelling should be inspected by a dentist to ensure an accurate diagnosis. The underlying cause of the symptoms must be determined to ensure that patients receive effective treatment. A dentist can carefully inspect the tongue and attempt to identify the cause of the glossitis. If the reasons for the tongue inflammation are unclear, a patient may be referred to a doctor to have blood and tissue tests done.
Patients are often given anti-inflammatory medications to relieve the immediate symptoms of pain and swelling. Glossitis caused by hot foods, alcohol, or tobacco can usually be relieved by simply avoiding irritants. Burns and direct injuries tend to heal on their own in a few days without direct medical attention, and most infections can be treated with oral antibiotics. If there is a vitamin deficiency, a doctor may suggest the patient take supplements and make dietary changes. Regardless of the cause of glossitis, it’s important to practice good oral hygiene and schedule regular dental checkups to prevent future mouth and tongue problems.
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