Gouty arthritis is caused by excessive levels of uric acid in the blood, which forms crystals and is deposited in joints causing sharp pain, redness, tenderness, and swelling. Risk factors include a high-protein diet, obesity, alcohol consumption, and family history. Treatment involves medication to lower uric acid levels and pain relief.
Gouty arthritis, commonly called gout, is a condition characterized by excessive levels of uric acid in the blood. Uric acid comes from the breakdown of purines within the body. Purines are commonly found in beverages and foods such as beer, wine, beans, anchovies and peas. When too much uric acid builds up in the bloodstream, it forms crystals. These crystals are usually deposited in many tissues, especially involving different joints in the body.
The most common appendage affected by gouty arthritis is the big toe. Gout can also affect the elbows, ankles, knees, wrists and fingers. The symptoms of gouty arthritis are sharp pain, redness, tenderness and swelling of the affected joint. Most of these symptoms usually appear at night. Almost all patients with gout complain that the pain is excruciating and often worsens with movement.
Men have a higher risk of developing the disease than women. Family history of gout is another important factor. Obesity, alcohol consumption, a high-protein diet, and a low-calorie diet can all increase an individual’s risk of developing gout. The use of drugs such as aspirin and diuretics can also lead to gouty arthritis.
There are two types of gouty arthritis: primary and secondary. The primary type is often caused by a defect in purine metabolism and is said to be hereditary. Secondary gouty arthritis, on the other hand, is often caused by kidney disorders. When the kidney fails to eliminate uric acid in the urine, these substances build up in the bloodstream and lead to gouty arthritis.
Medical intervention is often needed to address the condition and prevent further attacks. A rheumatologist, a doctor who specializes in treating bone and joint diseases, usually treats patients with gout. He typically assessed the patient’s lifestyle, family history of disease, and medication use. Other doctors also treat patients with gouty arthritis. These include orthopedic physicians who are physicians who specialize in diseases involving the musculoskeletal system; and internists, who diagnose and treat diseases affecting adults.
Treatment often involves taking medications to lower uric acid levels in the blood. Doses of medicines are often reduced as symptoms subside. However, many patients may need to take these drugs for life. Pain medications are also effective in making these patients feel better. Further attacks can be prevented by following a healthy lifestyle.
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