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Gum disease, also known as gingivitis or periodontitis, can be caused by poor oral hygiene or chronic diseases like diabetes. Symptoms range from bleeding gums to tooth loss and bad breath. Prevention includes proper oral care and regular dental visits. Advanced cases may require surgery or tissue and bone grafts. Even denture wearers should take care of their gums.
Early gum disease is called gingivitis, while more severe cases are usually referred to as periodontitis or periodontal disease. While it is most often associated with poor oral hygiene, there are other causes as well, including genetic tendencies towards gum disease or deterioration of the gums due to chronic diseases such as diabetes. Taking care of your teeth and gums properly and visiting the dentist regularly are very important steps in the prevention and treatment of this condition.
Symptoms of gum disease range from light bleeding from the gums, especially after brushing, to possible tooth loss or the need for reconstructive surgery. Infection, usually caused by bacteria in plaque and tartar, is a big part of the disease and may require treatment with antibiotics. Prolonged exposure to plaque can cause your gums to swell, become painful, and recede. Many people with gum disease also have sensitive teeth, which can cause discomfort usually triggered by heat, cold, or pressure. Having bad breath and often having an unpleasant taste are also common symptoms.
Applying too much pressure when brushing your teeth, not brushing well or often enough, and not flossing all contribute to gum disease. Using a soft toothbrush, gargling with a mouthwash that contains antibacterial ingredients, and using a fluoride rinse before brushing are all helpful in inhibiting it. If you’re concerned about your gums, it’s a good idea to visit your dentist regularly. You may also want to ask him or her about prescription fluoride treatments.
In advanced cases of gum disease, especially if left untreated, the infection can penetrate the tissues, supporting structures, and bones. This can lead to teeth shifting or even requiring removal. In severe cases, the infected area may need to be scraped off or tissue and bone grafts may be required.
Sometimes another type of surgery is also used, known as “flap surgery.” This measure requires the gums to be pulled away from the teeth to remove tartar. Next, the oral surgeon must stitch the gums in place to create the right fit around the teeth.
Remember, even if you wear dentures, gum disease can still be a problem. Gum care is an essential part of oral hygiene if you want to avoid serious complications.
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