Gypsum is a mineral compound found in subsoil near limestone deposits. It is used to make Plaster of Paris, drywall panels, strengthen soil, and in cement mixes. It is also used in toothpaste and is rated a 2 on Moh’s scale of mineral hardness.
Gypsum is the more common name for a mineral compound called calcium sulfate dihydroxide or lime sulfate. It is generally found in the subsoil near deposits of limestone or other minerals formed by evaporation. One of the most common forms of raw gypsum is a pure white crystal called alabaster. Another unprocessed type forms in desert soil and its crystals resemble the petals of a flower. For this reason, many people refer to this form of calcium sulfate as the “desert rose.”
Because the calcium and sulfur molecules in plaster are chemically bonded to water, this material is regularly heated to remove 50% to 75% of its original moisture. The resulting powder is called burnt chalk, although its white or translucent color does not change. This dehydrated form is valued for its ability to solidify almost immediately upon the addition of water. It is marketed as the Plaster of Paris molding agent and is used to make regular school chalk.
Another common use of gypsum is the formation of drywall panels. During the construction of the house, these panels are nailed into place to form a finished wall. Gypsum is naturally resistant to fire and heat, which helps it form a barrier between combustible wooden frames and the room itself. These drywall panels can also be cut to size without fancy tools, making them an ideal building material.
Gypsum is also used to strengthen soil weakened by too much clay. Gardeners routinely amend weak soil by adding a layer of this material, which does not change the acidity levels of the soil. Gypsum-enriched soil can also be used as an alternative to adobe mud, which tends to break down after years of exposure to rainwater.
Due to its hardening properties, gypsum is a popular ingredient in cement mixes. It is also used as a mild abrasive in some toothpastes, as it is considered a non-toxic substance. On Moh’s scale of mineral hardness, the compound is rated a 2, harder than talc but softer than limestone.
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