Hyperglycemia is a symptom and cause of diabetes, resulting from a complication with insulin. Symptoms include increased thirst, hunger, and urination. It can lead to coma and death if not controlled. Type I diabetes is treated with insulin, while type II may require oral medications. If left untreated, it can lead to ketoacidosis, which can cause coma or death.
Hyperglycemia is a symptom and cause of diabetes, in which there are high levels of blood sugar, or glucose, in the blood. In both type I and type II diabetes, high blood sugar results from a complication with insulin, the chemical that enables cells to get energy from glucose. This condition causes mild to severe symptoms and, if not controlled, can lead to coma and death. It is treated by closely monitoring blood glucose levels, giving insulin injections, increasing exercise, eating a proper diet, and taking oral medications.
The most common symptoms of hyperglycemia include repeated urination, hunger even after eating, and increased thirst. Secondary symptoms could be dry mouth and skin due to dehydration, low energy or weight loss. Certain circumstances make the condition worse, such as a diet high in sugar, no exercise, stress, illness, and surgery. High blood sugar can be detected by measuring blood and urine sugar levels, which could lead to a diagnosis of diabetes.
Diabetes is closely related to hyperglycemia. In type I diabetes, the pancreas doesn’t secrete enough insulin to process all the glucose, so too much of it circulates in the bloodstream. Cells do not respond to insulin-bound glucose for energy in type II diabetes, resulting in increased glucose levels. While they have the same effect, these different types of blood sugar issues need to be addressed differently.
The standard treatment of type I diabetes is an insulin regimen, whereby the patient injects himself with insulin because the body does not produce enough. These regular injections of insulin are balanced with frequent blood glucose monitoring with a home device. Some mild cases of diabetes can be controlled with a balanced diet, regular and vigorous exercise, and weight loss. Type II diabetes may not respond to insulin, so oral medications are prescribed along with lifestyle changes.
If left untreated or undiagnosed, rampant high blood sugar will lead to a condition called ketoacidosis. Eventually, the body will urgently need energy, as it cannot access blood glucose. First, it will turn off lower priority functions to save energy, resulting in blurred vision, confused thinking, and dizziness. So it will use fat as an energy source, rather than glucose. The body isn’t designed to break down fat quickly, so it builds up waste chemicals called ketones. When a critical amount of ketones are present in the blood, they poison the body and cause an acute coma or death.
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